Question 1

When would it be preferable to use a non probability sample? Why would we need to do so? What concerns or limitations would we have to deal with? Give examples.

Accepted Answer

Answer should focus on studying underrepresented or isolated populations in which we would need to oversample (such as ethnic or social minorities)or populations in which a researcher would not have access via conventional probability sampling methods,such as gangs or other secretive organizations.

Question 2

Which of the following statements is FALSE?

Accepted Answer

A) If all the members of a population were identical there would be no need for sampling. 
B) In cases of perfect homogeneity a single case could represent an entire population. 
C) The human beings who compose any real population are similar. 
D) Because elements within the population typically differ,we need to do careful sampling. 
E) All of these statements are TRUE. 
A) If all the members of a population were identical there would be no need for sampling. 
B) In cases of perfect homogeneity a single case could represent an entire population. 
C) The human beings who compose any real population are similar. 
D) Because elements within the population typically differ,we need to do careful sampling. 
E) All of these statements are TRUE. C

Question 3

A stratified sample is more likely to be representative on several variables than is a simple random sample.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False  True

Question 4

In terms of probability theory,the standard error is valuable because:

Accepted Answer

A) it is an estimate of the parameter. 
B) it permits us to estimate the degree of error to be expected in a sample design. 
C) it indicates the extent to which the sample estimates will be distributed around the population parameter. 
D) it is an estimate of the parameter and it permits us to estimate the degree of error to be expected in a sample design. 
E) it permits us to estimate the degree of error to be expected in a sample design and it indicates the extent to which the sample estimates will be distributed around the population parameter. 
A) it is an estimate of the parameter. 
B) it permits us to estimate the degree of error to be expected in a sample design. 
C) it indicates the extent to which the sample estimates will be distributed around the population parameter. 
D) it is an estimate of the parameter and it permits us to estimate the degree of error to be expected in a sample design. 
E) it permits us to estimate the degree of error to be expected in a sample design and it indicates the extent to which the sample estimates will be distributed around the population parameter.

Question 5

Dr.Smith is instructing his graduate students to put together a sample for an upcoming research study of college students.The graduate students were asked to stand outside of the student union to solicit participants,finding 50 freshmen,50 sophomore,50 juniors,and 50 seniors.What sort of sampling method is being used?

Accepted Answer

A) Simple random sampling 
B) Quota sampling 
C) Cluster sampling 
D) Stratified sampling 
E) Accidental sampling 
A) Simple random sampling 
B) Quota sampling 
C) Cluster sampling 
D) Stratified sampling 
E) Accidental sampling

Question 6

Each stage in cluster sampling adds additional sampling error that must be taken into account.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 7

Generally,the more heterogeneous the population,the more beneficial it is to use stratified sampling.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 8

The chief aim of probability sampling is to be able to select:

Accepted Answer

A) a sample whose parameters are representative of an unknown population parameter. 
B) a sample whose statistics will accurately portray an unknown population parameter. 
C) a sample whose parameters will accurately portray an unknown population statistic. 
D) a sample whose statistics will accurately portray a known population parameter. 
E) a sample whose unknown statistics will accurately portray a known parameter. 
A) a sample whose parameters are representative of an unknown population parameter. 
B) a sample whose statistics will accurately portray an unknown population parameter. 
C) a sample whose parameters will accurately portray an unknown population statistic. 
D) a sample whose statistics will accurately portray a known population parameter. 
E) a sample whose unknown statistics will accurately portray a known parameter.

Question 9

Statistical computations assume that you have done:

Accepted Answer

A) simple random sampling. 
B) systematic sampling. 
C) cluster sampling. 
D) stratified sampling. 
E) any one of these choices. 
A) simple random sampling. 
B) systematic sampling. 
C) cluster sampling. 
D) stratified sampling. 
E) any one of these choices.

Question 10

In general,as sample size increases:

Accepted Answer

A) the standard error increases in size. 
B) the standard error decreases in size. 
C) the standard error will remain the same regardless of changes in sample size. 
D) the standard error is a constant. 
E) the standard error fluctuates in size. 
A) the standard error increases in size. 
B) the standard error decreases in size. 
C) the standard error will remain the same regardless of changes in sample size. 
D) the standard error is a constant. 
E) the standard error fluctuates in size.

Question 11

If a population were perfectly homogeneous,a single case could represent the entire population.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 12

Probability samples are advantageous to the researcher because:

Accepted Answer

A) the method by which they are selected limits conscious and unconscious sampling bias. 
B) the accuracy or representativeness of the sample can be estimated. 
C) they are perfectly representative of the population from which they are drawn. 
D) all of these choices indicate the advantages of probability sampling. 
E) the method by which they are selected limits conscious and unconscious sampling bias and the accuracy or representativeness of the sample can be estimated. 
A) the method by which they are selected limits conscious and unconscious sampling bias. 
B) the accuracy or representativeness of the sample can be estimated. 
C) they are perfectly representative of the population from which they are drawn. 
D) all of these choices indicate the advantages of probability sampling. 
E) the method by which they are selected limits conscious and unconscious sampling bias and the accuracy or representativeness of the sample can be estimated.

Question 13

Disproportionate sampling and weighting are used by the researcher:

Accepted Answer

A) to ensure a sufficient number of cases in each of the sample subpopulations. 
B) to give a proportionate representation to each sample element. 
C) to provide a representative picture of the total population. 
D) to handle situations involving the errors and approximation that are often inherent in complex,multistage designs. 
E) to ensure a sufficient number of cases in each of the sample subpopulations;to give a proportionate representation to each sample element;to provide a representative picture of the total population;and to handle situations involving the errors and approximation that are often inherent in complex,multistage designs. 
A) to ensure a sufficient number of cases in each of the sample subpopulations. 
B) to give a proportionate representation to each sample element. 
C) to provide a representative picture of the total population. 
D) to handle situations involving the errors and approximation that are often inherent in complex,multistage designs. 
E) to ensure a sufficient number of cases in each of the sample subpopulations;to give a proportionate representation to each sample element;to provide a representative picture of the total population;and to handle situations involving the errors and approximation that are often inherent in complex,multistage designs.

Question 14

Multistage sampling designs tend to have smaller sampling errors than single-stage sampling designs.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 15

Stratification represents a modification to rather than an alternative to simple random sampling and systematic sampling.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 16

The size of the population must be taken into account when deciding on sample size.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 17

A study population is:

Accepted Answer

A) the theoretical and hypothetical aggregation of all elements as defined for a given survey. 
B) the theoretically specified aggregation of survey elements. 
C) that aggregation of elements from which the sample is actually selected. 
D) that aggregation or set of elements considered for selection in some stage of sampling. 
E) that aggregation of elements from which information is collected. 
A) the theoretical and hypothetical aggregation of all elements as defined for a given survey. 
B) the theoretically specified aggregation of survey elements. 
C) that aggregation of elements from which the sample is actually selected. 
D) that aggregation or set of elements considered for selection in some stage of sampling. 
E) that aggregation of elements from which information is collected.

Question 18

In a situation of perfect homogeneity there is little need to be concerned with careful sampling procedures.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 19

Dr.Chang is conducting a research study of undergraduate students at her college.She wants to ensure an equal number of students from each grade level,so she uses the list of all students provided by the registrar's office.From each list,she randomly selects 50 students from each group.What strategy of sampling is Dr.Chang using?

Accepted Answer

A) Simple random sampling 
B) Quota sampling 
C) Cluster sampling 
D) Stratified sampling 
E) Accidental sampling 
A) Simple random sampling 
B) Quota sampling 
C) Cluster sampling 
D) Stratified sampling 
E) Accidental sampling

Question 20

Every kth element in a list is chosen for inclusion in the sample in:

Accepted Answer

A) simple random sampling. 
B) systematic sampling. 
C) disproportionate sampling. 
D) cluster sampling. 
E) stratified sampling. 
A) simple random sampling. 
B) systematic sampling. 
C) disproportionate sampling. 
D) cluster sampling. 
E) stratified sampling.

When would it be preferable to use a non probability sample? Why would we need to do so? What concerns or limitations would we have to deal with? Give examples.

Which of the following statements is FALSE?

A stratified sample is more likely to be representative on several variables than is a simple random sample.

In terms of probability theory,the standard error is valuable because:

Each stage in cluster sampling adds additional sampling error that must be taken into account.

Generally,the more heterogeneous the population,the more beneficial it is to use stratified sampling.

The chief aim of probability sampling is to be able to select:

Statistical computations assume that you have done:

In general,as sample size increases:

If a population were perfectly homogeneous,a single case could represent the entire population.

Probability samples are advantageous to the researcher because:

Disproportionate sampling and weighting are used by the researcher:

Multistage sampling designs tend to have smaller sampling errors than single-stage sampling designs.

Stratification represents a modification to rather than an alternative to simple random sampling and systematic sampling.

The size of the population must be taken into account when deciding on sample size.

A study population is:

In a situation of perfect homogeneity there is little need to be concerned with careful sampling procedures.

Every kth element in a list is chosen for inclusion in the sample in:

Human Inquiry and Science

Paradigms Theory and Research

The Ethics and Politics of Social Research

Research Design

Conceptualization Operationalization and Measurement

Indexes Scales and Typologies

Experiments

Survey Research

Qualitative Field Research

Unobtrusive Research

Evaluation Research

Qualitative Data Analysis

Quantitative Data Analysis

Reading and Writing Social Research

Filters

Exam 7: The Logic of Sampling

When would it be preferable to use a non probability sample? Why would we need to do so? What concerns or limitations would we have to deal with? Give examples.

Which of the following statements is FALSE?

A stratified sample is more likely to be representative on several variables than is a simple random sample.

In terms of probability theory,the standard error is valuable because:

Each stage in cluster sampling adds additional sampling error that must be taken into account.

Generally,the more heterogeneous the population,the more beneficial it is to use stratified sampling.

The chief aim of probability sampling is to be able to select:

Statistical computations assume that you have done:

In general,as sample size increases:

If a population were perfectly homogeneous,a single case could represent the entire population.

Probability samples are advantageous to the researcher because:

Disproportionate sampling and weighting are used by the researcher:

Multistage sampling designs tend to have smaller sampling errors than single-stage sampling designs.

Stratification represents a modification to rather than an alternative to simple random sampling and systematic sampling.

The size of the population must be taken into account when deciding on sample size.

A study population is:

In a situation of perfect homogeneity there is little need to be concerned with careful sampling procedures.

Every kth element in a list is chosen for inclusion in the sample in:

Human Inquiry and Science

Paradigms Theory and Research

The Ethics and Politics of Social Research

Research Design

Conceptualization Operationalization and Measurement

Indexes Scales and Typologies

Experiments

Survey Research

Qualitative Field Research

Unobtrusive Research

Evaluation Research

Qualitative Data Analysis

Quantitative Data Analysis

Reading and Writing Social Research

Filters