Exam 9: The Fundamentals of Research Methodology

The independent variable is said to have been confounded whenever

In correlational research, whichever variable one predicts from is called

One method which is used in order to create equivalent groups of subjects is the matched-subjects design.

If a researcher is interested in whether a new training technique affects reading achievement scores, and the group chosen for the study is already high in reading-achievement levels, the lack of any further significant increase may be due to the

The difference between interval and ratio scales is that ratio scales

A study which compares the growth in the number of PTA mothers to the number of small business failures would be an example of

Primary variance is assumed to result from the action of the independent variable.

A study comparing an inexpensive generic drug sold over the counter with the prescription drug Singulair, found no significant difference in the treatment of hay fever (Mucha et al, 2006). The researchers randomly divided a group of male and female adult hay fever sufferers into two groups, one group receiving daily doses of Singulair while the other group was given the generic drug. After several weeks the groups were compared and no difference was found regarding their hay fever symptoms. This illustrates the

Whenever we discover how many persons, things, or events have X or Y in common, we are dealing with the

When frequency data are categorized into a nominal scale, the categories must

The best way to prevent the Hawthorne effect is to use

Questions below will be bases on the following study: A researcher wishes to test whether the drug, magnesium pemoline, has any influence on intelligence. Two groups of subjects are randomly selected from the population of Omega University students. Group A is given the magnesium pemoline and then tested on the Stanford-Binet IQ test. Group B is given a placebo and, then, also tested on the Stanford-Binet. Both groups are tested under identical environmental conditions. -The design of this study is an example of

In the classic Kansas City preventive control study (1973) it was found that applying different police patrol strategies had absolutely no impact on crime rates. The statistical decision in this case was to accept the null hypothesis.

When the achievement levels of two groups of college seniors are being evaluated on the basis of whether of not the students had previously attended a public secondary school, then the research is

The basic goal of good post-facto research should always be

A study on the effects of race on the length of prison sentences found no significant difference regarding the length of the sentences as a function of race (Spohn & Holleran, 2000). The dependent variable in this study was race.

When an experimenter assigns a grouping variable, that variable is the

Questions below are based on the following simulation: A researcher attempted to discover if the amount of learned material retained by first-grade children was a function of the mode by which the material was presented. Two first-grade classes are selected, Miss Emily McKenna's class and 142 Miss Clair Keating's class. The study began at 9 AM on a Monday morning. By a flip of a coin, Mrs. Vivian's class was chosen to receive a visual presentation, whereas in Miss McKenna's class an auditory presentation of the same material was used. One hour later, the two groups were compared regarding the amount of material that was retained. -The independent variable(s) in this study is (are) the

When the only mathematical rule involved is that of equality versus non- equality, the measurement scale must be

Of all the measurement scales covered in this chapter, the one containing the least information is the