Question 1

__________ validity is an indication of how closely a measurement correlates with another measure of the characteristic being studied.

Accepted Answer

A)  Internal 
B)  Construct 
C)  Face 
D)  Criterion 
A)  Internal 
B)  Construct 
C)  Face 
D)  Criterion

Question 2

The belief that people should accept the word of an authority figure without questioning or debating that word is called __________.

Accepted Answer

A)  dogmatism 
B)  consensus 
C)  empiricism 
D)  cynicism 
A)  dogmatism 
B)  consensus 
C)  empiricism 
D)  cynicism

Question 3

Zelda is given an intelligence test and scores in the high-average range.To make sure that this particular intelligence test has high _________ validity,her results are compared to her performance on the SAT,which is known to be related to intelligence.

Accepted Answer

A)  internal 
B)  face 
C)  construct 
D)  criterion 
A)  internal 
B)  face 
C)  construct 
D)  criterion

Question 4

What is the main distinction of using a descriptive research design as compared to a correlational or experimental design?

Accepted Answer

A)  Descriptive studies allow researchers to use different types of statistics, which opens the field of psychology up to research questions that cannot be explored with other designs. 
B)  Descriptive studies enable researchers to observe and describe behaviors without investigating the relationship between specific variables. 
C)  Descriptive studies allow researchers to gather data from far fewer participants so that cause and effect relationship can be determined in less time. 
D)  Descriptive studies, unlike correlational or experimental designs, do not require actual human participants for data gathering. 
A)  Descriptive studies allow researchers to use different types of statistics, which opens the field of psychology up to research questions that cannot be explored with other designs. 
B)  Descriptive studies enable researchers to observe and describe behaviors without investigating the relationship between specific variables. 
C)  Descriptive studies allow researchers to gather data from far fewer participants so that cause and effect relationship can be determined in less time. 
D)  Descriptive studies, unlike correlational or experimental designs, do not require actual human participants for data gathering.

Question 5

Lakisha's 5th grade class is having an election to decide who will be the new "class president." There are five students running for the office.Out of 25 students,9 vote for Lakisha,6 vote for Mary,6 vote for Michael,2 vote for Allison,and 2 vote for Barry.In statistical terms,which student received the "mode" votes?

Accepted Answer

A)  Mary 
B)  Lakisha 
C)  Allison 
D)  Barry 
A)  Mary 
B)  Lakisha 
C)  Allison 
D)  Barry

Question 6

If you wanted to get information from a very large number of college students about their drinking habits in a non-intrusive manner,which descriptive research method would probably be your best bet?

Accepted Answer

A)  Naturalistic observation 
B)  A survey 
C)  A laboratory observation 
D)  A case study 
A)  Naturalistic observation 
B)  A survey 
C)  A laboratory observation 
D)  A case study

Question 7

A value that can change is called a constant.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 8

Which of the following is true with regard to using animals as research subjects?

Accepted Answer

A)  Many of the basic biological mechanisms underlying animal behaviors are significantly different than those underlying human behaviors. 
B)  Animal protection organizations have suggested that the only way to ethically study animals is to observer them in their natural environments rather than in laboratory settings. 
C)  It is possible to obtain informed consent when using animal subjects. 
D)  Animal suffering is a variable that does not need to be considered when designing an experiment because animals' brains are not capable of registering pain or discomfort in a way that interferes with legitimate research questions. 
A)  Many of the basic biological mechanisms underlying animal behaviors are significantly different than those underlying human behaviors. 
B)  Animal protection organizations have suggested that the only way to ethically study animals is to observer them in their natural environments rather than in laboratory settings. 
C)  It is possible to obtain informed consent when using animal subjects. 
D)  Animal suffering is a variable that does not need to be considered when designing an experiment because animals' brains are not capable of registering pain or discomfort in a way that interferes with legitimate research questions.

Question 9

A(n)_____________ is an ethics review panel established by a publicly funded institution to evaluate all proposed research by that institution.

Accepted Answer

A)  psychological review consortium 
B)  institutional review board 
C)  research ethics panel 
D)  human considerations committee 
A)  psychological review consortium 
B)  institutional review board 
C)  research ethics panel 
D)  human considerations committee

Question 10

Developmental psychologist Jean Piaget conducted rigorous observations of his own children as they grew up,and that is what formed the basis for his stage theory of cognitive development.From a research perspective,Piaget conducted a(n)__________.

Accepted Answer

A)  laboratory observation 
B)  experiment 
C)  correlational study 
D)  case study 
A)  laboratory observation 
B)  experiment 
C)  correlational study 
D)  case study

Question 11

A standard deviation is the most useful type of inferential statistic to calculate.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 12

Although the range is a good measure of variation in a data set because it gives us information about the distance between the most extreme values,it does have one peculiar drawback.What is that concern?

Accepted Answer

A)  The range cannot be used on data sets that do not have at least ten different values. 
B)  The range is easily distorted by extreme values in a data set. 
C)  The range is distorted when a data set has the same value that appears more than once. 
D)  The range is changed when the standard deviation of the data set turns negative. 
A)  The range cannot be used on data sets that do not have at least ten different values. 
B)  The range is easily distorted by extreme values in a data set. 
C)  The range is distorted when a data set has the same value that appears more than once. 
D)  The range is changed when the standard deviation of the data set turns negative.

Question 13

Dr.Martinez is doing a research study examining the effects of a new headache medication on migraine pain.He decides to divide his participants up into four subject groups,each one of which will receive a different amount of medication to take when they have a migraine.He will ask them to write down their assessment of how much the pain has dropped on a ten-point scale an hour after taking the medication.What is the independent variable in this study?

Accepted Answer

A)  The intensity of the migraine each participant has before taking the medication. 
B)  The amount of medication each participant takes. 
C)  The level of pain reduction reported by each participant. 
D)  The number of people who are assigned to each of the subject groups. 
A)  The intensity of the migraine each participant has before taking the medication. 
B)  The amount of medication each participant takes. 
C)  The level of pain reduction reported by each participant. 
D)  The number of people who are assigned to each of the subject groups.

Question 14

"Sometimes we experience a change just because we expect to experience a change." This statement best summarizes the __________ effect.

Accepted Answer

A)  retrospect 
B)  demand 
C)  validity 
D)  placebo 
A)  retrospect 
B)  demand 
C)  validity 
D)  placebo

Question 15

Traditionally,what probability level is needed in order to consider the results of a study to be statistically significant?

Accepted Answer

A)  Less than 0.05 (5%) 
B)  Less than 0.01 (1%) 
C)  Greater than 0.05 (5%) 
D)  Greater than 0.10 (10%) 
A)  Less than 0.05 (5%) 
B)  Less than 0.01 (1%) 
C)  Greater than 0.05 (5%) 
D)  Greater than 0.10 (10%)

Question 16

__________ validity is the extent to which a study superficially measures what it is intended to measure.

Accepted Answer

A)  Reliable 
B)  Criterion 
C)  Surface 
D)  Face 
A)  Reliable 
B)  Criterion 
C)  Surface 
D)  Face

Question 17

If a study is found to have statistical significance,what is true of that study's practical significance?

Accepted Answer

A)  The statistical and practical significance of a study two ways of reporting the same thing. 
B)  The study cannot be practically significant. 
C)  The study may or may not be practically significant. 
D)  The study must be practically significant. 
A)  The statistical and practical significance of a study two ways of reporting the same thing. 
B)  The study cannot be practically significant. 
C)  The study may or may not be practically significant. 
D)  The study must be practically significant.

Question 18

Which of the following is a true statement about psychologists' susceptibility to hindsight bias?

Accepted Answer

A)  Even properly trained psychologists can be biased when they interpret their data, and so they must be as careful as possible not to let bias affect their conclusions. 
B)  Properly trained psychologists are very aware of the possibility of hindsight bias impacting their research, and thus are able to eliminate this problem from their studies. 
C)  Proper statistical manipulation can offset the effects of any hindsight bias in research, so as long as a psychologist is properly trained in the use of statistics, hindsight bias becomes insignificant. 
D)  Hindsight bias does not refer to the errors that researchers make. It is a type of error that research participants make. 
A)  Even properly trained psychologists can be biased when they interpret their data, and so they must be as careful as possible not to let bias affect their conclusions. 
B)  Properly trained psychologists are very aware of the possibility of hindsight bias impacting their research, and thus are able to eliminate this problem from their studies. 
C)  Proper statistical manipulation can offset the effects of any hindsight bias in research, so as long as a psychologist is properly trained in the use of statistics, hindsight bias becomes insignificant. 
D)  Hindsight bias does not refer to the errors that researchers make. It is a type of error that research participants make.

Question 19

In order to conduct survey research in a way that will give the best chance to make generalizations beyond those surveyed,a researcher should give their survey to a wide sample of people from a larger population.__________ sampling is a technique that helps ensure the variety within a sample that helps ensure that it is representative of a larger population.

Accepted Answer

A)  random 
B)  distributed 
C)  snowball 
D)  selective 
A)  random 
B)  distributed 
C)  snowball 
D)  selective

Question 20

According to the principles of critical thinking,which of the following statements is the most accurate?

Accepted Answer

A)  Good researchers do not blindly accept theories even when they seem obvious. They use scientific methods to question and examine those theories. 
B)  Research is only as good as the statistics used, so the research design we select is less important than the statistics we use to evaluate our data. 
C)  Research outcomes that are contrary to expectations do not add anything to the science of psychology, and therefore can legitimately be discarded. 
D)  The importance of our own opinion in research should not be underestimated, and it has a legitimate place as we interpret the data that we collect. 
A)  Good researchers do not blindly accept theories even when they seem obvious. They use scientific methods to question and examine those theories. 
B)  Research is only as good as the statistics used, so the research design we select is less important than the statistics we use to evaluate our data. 
C)  Research outcomes that are contrary to expectations do not add anything to the science of psychology, and therefore can legitimately be discarded. 
D)  The importance of our own opinion in research should not be underestimated, and it has a legitimate place as we interpret the data that we collect.

__________ validity is an indication of how closely a measurement correlates with another measure of the characteristic being studied.

The belief that people should accept the word of an authority figure without questioning or debating that word is called __________.

Zelda is given an intelligence test and scores in the high-average range.To make sure that this particular intelligence test has high _________ validity,her results are compared to her performance on the SAT,which is known to be related to intelligence.

What is the main distinction of using a descriptive research design as compared to a correlational or experimental design?

If you wanted to get information from a very large number of college students about their drinking habits in a non-intrusive manner,which descriptive research method would probably be your best bet?

A value that can change is called a constant.

Which of the following is true with regard to using animals as research subjects?

A(n)_____________ is an ethics review panel established by a publicly funded institution to evaluate all proposed research by that institution.

Developmental psychologist Jean Piaget conducted rigorous observations of his own children as they grew up,and that is what formed the basis for his stage theory of cognitive development.From a research perspective,Piaget conducted a(n)__________.

A standard deviation is the most useful type of inferential statistic to calculate.

Although the range is a good measure of variation in a data set because it gives us information about the distance between the most extreme values,it does have one peculiar drawback.What is that concern?

"Sometimes we experience a change just because we expect to experience a change." This statement best summarizes the __________ effect.

Traditionally,what probability level is needed in order to consider the results of a study to be statistically significant?

__________ validity is the extent to which a study superficially measures what it is intended to measure.

If a study is found to have statistical significance,what is true of that study's practical significance?

Which of the following is a true statement about psychologists' susceptibility to hindsight bias?

According to the principles of critical thinking,which of the following statements is the most accurate?

Introduction

The Human Brain

Genetics and Evolution

Sensation and Perception

Consciousness

Learning

Memory

Cognition and Intelligence

Human Development I: Physical, Cognitive, and Language Development

Sex and Gender

Human Development II: Social Development

Emotion and Motivation

Social Psychology

Health and Stress

Personality and Individual Differences

Psychological Disorders

Psychological Therapies

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Exam 2: Research Methods

__________ validity is an indication of how closely a measurement correlates with another measure of the characteristic being studied.

The belief that people should accept the word of an authority figure without questioning or debating that word is called __________.

Zelda is given an intelligence test and scores in the high-average range.To make sure that this particular intelligence test has high _________ validity,her results are compared to her performance on the SAT,which is known to be related to intelligence.

What is the main distinction of using a descriptive research design as compared to a correlational or experimental design?

If you wanted to get information from a very large number of college students about their drinking habits in a non-intrusive manner,which descriptive research method would probably be your best bet?

A value that can change is called a constant.

Which of the following is true with regard to using animals as research subjects?

A(n)_____________ is an ethics review panel established by a publicly funded institution to evaluate all proposed research by that institution.

Developmental psychologist Jean Piaget conducted rigorous observations of his own children as they grew up,and that is what formed the basis for his stage theory of cognitive development.From a research perspective,Piaget conducted a(n)__________.

A standard deviation is the most useful type of inferential statistic to calculate.

Although the range is a good measure of variation in a data set because it gives us information about the distance between the most extreme values,it does have one peculiar drawback.What is that concern?

"Sometimes we experience a change just because we expect to experience a change." This statement best summarizes the __________ effect.

Traditionally,what probability level is needed in order to consider the results of a study to be statistically significant?

__________ validity is the extent to which a study superficially measures what it is intended to measure.

If a study is found to have statistical significance,what is true of that study's practical significance?

Which of the following is a true statement about psychologists' susceptibility to hindsight bias?

According to the principles of critical thinking,which of the following statements is the most accurate?

Introduction

The Human Brain

Genetics and Evolution

Sensation and Perception

Consciousness

Learning

Memory

Cognition and Intelligence

Human Development I: Physical, Cognitive, and Language Development

Sex and Gender

Human Development II: Social Development

Emotion and Motivation

Social Psychology

Health and Stress

Personality and Individual Differences

Psychological Disorders

Psychological Therapies

Filters