Exam 5: Learning

Two-year-old Rick was playing with a balloon when it burst and made an extremely loud noise, causing him to cry. Now, whenever Rick sees a balloon, he becomes frightened. In this situation, the fear produced by the sight of the balloon is the

Operant conditioning can be used for all of the following, except

Taking aspirin to terminate a headache leads to

According to the text, reinforcement is defined as any event that

If children behave better on Fridays than on other days, you might suspect that the children are given allowances on which schedule of reinforcement?

Acquiring new forms of behaviour by watching and imitating others is called observational learning or

An effective method of applying punishment is for one parent to punish a behaviour and another parent ignore the same behaviour.

Salivating when you are eating steak is ________ response; salivating when you see a thick steak being barbecued on television is ________ response.

In classical conditioning, which element functions as a signal?

Both punishment and negative reinforcement are used to decrease the probability of a response.

How does operant conditioning explain the learning of new behaviours?

An involuntary response to a particular stimulus, such as an eye-blink response to a puff of air or salivation to food placed in one's mouth, is called a

Procedures that strengthen behaviour are termed ________ and procedures that suppress behaviour are termed ________.

Negative reinforcement

Which factor listed below led Pavlov to determine that an extinguished conditioned response was not erased or forgotten, but only inhibited?

The purpose of a time out in behaviour modification programs is to

A pigeon gets a food reward each time it pecks at a blue disk. Because of generalization, the pigeon would also peck at

One account of why poverty is so difficult to overcome suggests that people living in poverty have given up, perceiving that their condition is inescapable. This explanation sounds most like

Morgana was once frightened by big, barking dogs-she now cries when she sees a dog. After this has occurred many times, Morgana now also cries at the sight of a dog leash or collar. In this example, the conditioned stimulus is

Pavlov found that about 20 pairings of the tone and the meat powder would result in a conditioned response where the tone alone could elicit the salivation response.