Question 1

Failure to comply with environmental laws can result in civil fines but not criminal penalties.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 2

The _______ occurs when individuals exploit a limited shared resource and contribute to its depletion knowing that there will be a detrimental impact in the long term.

Accepted Answer

A)  impact on the masses 
B)  destructive resources impact 
C)  tragedy of the commons 
D)  absolute negative 
A)  impact on the masses 
B)  destructive resources impact 
C)  tragedy of the commons 
D)  absolute negative

Question 3

Explain in detail EPA practice in regard to approving a state program in lieu of the EPA's federal program.

Accepted Answer

The EPA may approve a state program as e

Question 4

Which of the following is currently the world's top carbon polluter?

Accepted Answer

A)  Brazil 
B)  India 
C)  The U.S. 
D)  China 
A)  Brazil 
B)  India 
C)  The U.S. 
D)  China

Question 5

Define the term "navigable waters" as used in the Clean Water Act and set forth what the U.S.Supreme Court has said that the term includes and excludes. Why was the U.S.Supreme Court concerned with limiting the scope of the term "navigable waters"?

Accepted Answer

Navigable waters are defined as all "wat

Question 6

Compare the substantial continuity test in regard to successor liability with the mere continuation test. Which test is applied by the majority of states?

Accepted Answer

The substantial continuity test imposes

Question 7

The Environmental Protection Agency was created

Accepted Answer

A)  by an executive order 
B)  by an act of Congress 
C)  by the vote of a majority of state governors 
D)  none of the above 
A)  by an executive order 
B)  by an act of Congress 
C)  by the vote of a majority of state governors 
D)  none of the above

Question 8

An important step in comprehensively managing environmental liability and reducing penalties for noncompliance is to conduct periodic environmental audits.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 9

Set forth the Clean Air Act's four types of air quality goals.

Accepted Answer

First,it requires the Environmental Prot

Question 10

The principal goal of the Clean Water act is to eliminate the discharge of pollutants into the non-navigable waters of the United States.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 11

Under CERCLA the Superfund money is spent

Accepted Answer

A)  on a first come first served basis. 
B)  based in part on a national priorities list. 
C)  in chronological order from the date of the discovery. 
D)  according to the allocation voted by Congress. 
A)  on a first come first served basis. 
B)  based in part on a national priorities list. 
C)  in chronological order from the date of the discovery. 
D)  according to the allocation voted by Congress.

Question 12

The Clean Air Act requires that national ambient air quality standards be set without regard for cost considerations.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 13

Kentucky unveiled the first statewide cap-and-trade program to reduce greenhouse gases in the U.S.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 14

The principal regulatory program established by the Clean Water Act is the _________.

Accepted Answer

A)  National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System 
B)  Federal Pollutant Reduction System 
C)  Uniform Water Pollution Requirements 
D)  Nationwide Clean Water Policy 
A)  National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System 
B)  Federal Pollutant Reduction System 
C)  Uniform Water Pollution Requirements 
D)  Nationwide Clean Water Policy

Question 15

What was the result in Pakootas v.Teck Cominco Metals,Ltd.,the case in the text in which the plaintiffs sued the defendant,a Canadian corporation,regarding an order under CERCLA pertaining to its contamination of water in Canada that reached the U.S.?

Accepted Answer

A)  The court ruled that the defendant lacked the minimum contacts necessary to require it to submit to the jurisdiction of a U.S. court. 
B)  The court ruled that subject matter jurisdiction did not exist. 
C)  The court ruled that the defendant was subject to jurisdiction in the U.S. court. 
D)  The court ruled that the defendant lacked the minimum contacts necessary to require it to submit to the jurisdiction of a U.S. court and that subject matter jurisdiction did not exist. 
A)  The court ruled that the defendant lacked the minimum contacts necessary to require it to submit to the jurisdiction of a U.S. court. 
B)  The court ruled that subject matter jurisdiction did not exist. 
C)  The court ruled that the defendant was subject to jurisdiction in the U.S. court. 
D)  The court ruled that the defendant lacked the minimum contacts necessary to require it to submit to the jurisdiction of a U.S. court and that subject matter jurisdiction did not exist.

Question 16

Canada withdrew from the Kyoto Protocol.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 17

What does the Superfund Recycling Equity Act do?

Accepted Answer

A)  It exempts recyclers from liability in private-party actions under CERCLA. 
B)  It exempts recyclers from suits brought by the state or federal government. 
C)  It provides a 10% federal rebate for recycling expenses incurred by corporations engaged in recycling activities. 
D)  It provides a 5% federal rebate for recycling expenses incurred by corporations engaged in recycling activities. 
A)  It exempts recyclers from liability in private-party actions under CERCLA. 
B)  It exempts recyclers from suits brought by the state or federal government. 
C)  It provides a 10% federal rebate for recycling expenses incurred by corporations engaged in recycling activities. 
D)  It provides a 5% federal rebate for recycling expenses incurred by corporations engaged in recycling activities.

Question 18

Which of the following was the result in New Jersey v.EPA,the case in the text involving whether the EPA violated the clean Air Act when it delisted electric utility steam generating units from the list of sources of mercury pollution listed in the Clean Air Act and instituted a cap-and-trade system whereby plants emitting more than their allotments of mercury could buy credits from other plants?

Accepted Answer

A)  The court upheld both the delisting and the cap-and-trade provision. 
B)  The court upheld the delisting provision but invalidated and the cap-and-trade provision. 
C)  The court invalidated the delisting provision but upheld and the cap-and-trade provision. 
D)  The court invalidated both the delisting and the cap-and-trade provision. 
A)  The court upheld both the delisting and the cap-and-trade provision. 
B)  The court upheld the delisting provision but invalidated and the cap-and-trade provision. 
C)  The court invalidated the delisting provision but upheld and the cap-and-trade provision. 
D)  The court invalidated both the delisting and the cap-and-trade provision.

Question 19

Toby is the commissioner of environmental matters for State X,the state with the cleanest air in the nation.U.S.Pollution Company wants to move into State X. Unfortunately,State X has had a severe economic downturn. Many of the citizens are ready to trade some environmental cleanliness for jobs. Toby is on the hot seat. The governor and others say that State X has done very well and has always beaten all other states in meeting national ambient air quality standards. In fact,State X is so far in compliance that Pollution Company could operate for many years before there was a problem. What would you suggest to Toby regarding compliance with the Clean Air Act?

Accepted Answer

A)  Toby should disregard the Clean Air Act so long as his state is meeting national ambient air quality standards. 
B)  Toby should disregard the Clean Air Act so long as his state is meeting national ambient air quality standards, and he can show an economic downturn of at least 10% in his state over the past 12 months. 
C)  Toby should disregard the Clean Air Act so long as his state is meeting national ambient air quality standards, he can show an economic downturn of at least 10% in his state over the past 12 months, and he can show an increase in the unemployment level of at least 5% in his state over the past 12 months. 
D)  Toby should not disregard the Clean Air Act because it requires that air quality in those areas that meet the national ambient air quality standards not be allowed to deteriorate. 
A)  Toby should disregard the Clean Air Act so long as his state is meeting national ambient air quality standards. 
B)  Toby should disregard the Clean Air Act so long as his state is meeting national ambient air quality standards, and he can show an economic downturn of at least 10% in his state over the past 12 months. 
C)  Toby should disregard the Clean Air Act so long as his state is meeting national ambient air quality standards, he can show an economic downturn of at least 10% in his state over the past 12 months, and he can show an increase in the unemployment level of at least 5% in his state over the past 12 months. 
D)  Toby should not disregard the Clean Air Act because it requires that air quality in those areas that meet the national ambient air quality standards not be allowed to deteriorate.

Question 20

Under the Clean Air Act,if a nonattainment area fails to develop an adequate plan to attain the national standard,which of the following penalties may be imposed?

Accepted Answer

A)  No penalties may be imposed by the federal government because only individual states may impose penalties. 
B)  Limits on the use of federal highway funds. 
C)  Limits on drinking-water hookups. 
D)  Both limits on the use of federal highway funds and limits on drinking-water hookups. 
A)  No penalties may be imposed by the federal government because only individual states may impose penalties. 
B)  Limits on the use of federal highway funds. 
C)  Limits on drinking-water hookups. 
D)  Both limits on the use of federal highway funds and limits on drinking-water hookups.

Exam 15: Environmental law

Failure to comply with environmental laws can result in civil fines but not criminal penalties.

The _______ occurs when individuals exploit a limited shared resource and contribute to its depletion knowing that there will be a detrimental impact in the long term.

Explain in detail EPA practice in regard to approving a state program in lieu of the EPA's federal program.

Which of the following is currently the world's top carbon polluter?

Define the term "navigable waters" as used in the Clean Water Act and set forth what the U.S.Supreme Court has said that the term includes and excludes. Why was the U.S.Supreme Court concerned with limiting the scope of the term "navigable waters"?

Compare the substantial continuity test in regard to successor liability with the mere continuation test. Which test is applied by the majority of states?

The Environmental Protection Agency was created

An important step in comprehensively managing environmental liability and reducing penalties for noncompliance is to conduct periodic environmental audits.

Set forth the Clean Air Act's four types of air quality goals.

The principal goal of the Clean Water act is to eliminate the discharge of pollutants into the non-navigable waters of the United States.

Under CERCLA the Superfund money is spent

The Clean Air Act requires that national ambient air quality standards be set without regard for cost considerations.

Kentucky unveiled the first statewide cap-and-trade program to reduce greenhouse gases in the U.S.

The principal regulatory program established by the Clean Water Act is the _________.

What was the result in Pakootas v.Teck Cominco Metals,Ltd.,the case in the text in which the plaintiffs sued the defendant,a Canadian corporation,regarding an order under CERCLA pertaining to its contamination of water in Canada that reached the U.S.?

Canada withdrew from the Kyoto Protocol.

What does the Superfund Recycling Equity Act do?

Under the Clean Air Act,if a nonattainment area fails to develop an adequate plan to attain the national standard,which of the following penalties may be imposed?

law, value creation, and risk management

Ethics ant the law

Courts, sources of law, and dispute resolution

Constitutional bases for business regulation

Agency

Administrative Law

Contracts

sales,licensing,and e-commerce

Torts and Privacy protection

product liability

Intellectual property

The employment agreement

civil rights and employment discrimination

Criminal law

Antitrust

Consumer Protection

real property and land use

Forms of business organizations

Directors, Officers, and Controlling Shareholders

Public and Private Offerings of Securities

Securities Fraud and insider trading

Debtor-Creditor Relations and Bankruptcy

International Business

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