Question 1

Individuals with a recent diagnosis of emphysema should be assessed for which most common presenting factor?

Accepted Answer

A)  A productive cough 
B)  Cyanosis 
C)  Dyspnea 
D)  Cor pulmonale 
A)  A productive cough 
B)  Cyanosis 
C)  Dyspnea 
D)  Cor pulmonale

Question 2

The patient generally acquires nosocomial pneumonia:

Accepted Answer

A)  at daycare centers. 
B)  on airplanes. 
C)  during hospitalization. 
D)  in the winter season. 
A)  at daycare centers. 
B)  on airplanes. 
C)  during hospitalization. 
D)  in the winter season.

Question 3

The organism that causes tuberculosis is a:

Accepted Answer

A)  bacterium. 
B)  fungus. 
C)  virus. 
D)  parasite. 
A)  bacterium. 
B)  fungus. 
C)  virus. 
D)  parasite.

Question 4

Airway hyperresponsiveness in asthma is related to:

Accepted Answer

A)  increased sympathetic nervous system response. 
B)  the release of stress hormones. 
C)  exposure to an allergen causing mast cell degranulation. 
D)  hereditary decrease in IgE responsiveness. 
A)  increased sympathetic nervous system response. 
B)  the release of stress hormones. 
C)  exposure to an allergen causing mast cell degranulation. 
D)  hereditary decrease in IgE responsiveness.

Question 5

Pneumonia is caused by:

Accepted Answer

A)  use of anesthetic agents in surgery. 
B)  atelectasis. 
C)  chronic lung changes seen with aging. 
D)  viral or bacterial infections. 
A)  use of anesthetic agents in surgery. 
B)  atelectasis. 
C)  chronic lung changes seen with aging. 
D)  viral or bacterial infections.

Question 6

A 60-year-old with a 25-year history of smoking is diagnosed with emphysema.Assessment shows an increased anterior-posterior chest diameter.The nurse attributes this finding to:

Accepted Answer

A)  air trapping. 
B)  decreased inspiratory reserve volumes. 
C)  increased flow rates. 
D)  alveolar destruction. 
A)  air trapping. 
B)  decreased inspiratory reserve volumes. 
C)  increased flow rates. 
D)  alveolar destruction.

Question 7

Asthma is thought to be caused by:

Accepted Answer

A)  an autosomal recessive trait. 
B)  autoimmunity. 
C)  excessive use of antibiotics as a young child. 
D)  interactions between genetic and environmental factors. 
A)  an autosomal recessive trait. 
B)  autoimmunity. 
C)  excessive use of antibiotics as a young child. 
D)  interactions between genetic and environmental factors.

Question 8

What is the most likely cause of chronic bronchitis in a 25-year-old?

Accepted Answer

A)  Chronic asthma 
B)  Air pollution 
C)  Cigarette smoke 
D)  Recurrent pneumonias 
A)  Chronic asthma 
B)  Air pollution 
C)  Cigarette smoke 
D)  Recurrent pneumonias

Question 9

A 20-year history of smoking causes airways to be obstructed as a result of:

Accepted Answer

A)  excessive mucus production. 
B)  loss of elastic recoil. 
C)  infection and inflammation. 
D)  airway edema. 
A)  excessive mucus production. 
B)  loss of elastic recoil. 
C)  infection and inflammation. 
D)  airway edema.

Question 10

A 50-year-old is diagnosed with lung cancer.The health history includes a 30-year history of smoking, exposure to air pollution, asbestos, and radiation.What had the greatest impact on the development of his cancer?

Accepted Answer

A)  Radiation 
B)  Cigarette smoke 
C)  Asbestos 
D)  Air pollution 
A)  Radiation 
B)  Cigarette smoke 
C)  Asbestos 
D)  Air pollution

Question 11

Which assessment finding would be expected in pulmonary embolism (PE)? (select all that apply)

Accepted Answer

A)  Chest pain 
B)  Tachycardia 
C)  Tachypnea 
D)  Fever 
E)  Hemoptysis
F) None of a bove 
A)  Chest pain 
B)  Tachycardia 
C)  Tachypnea 
D)  Fever 
E)  Hemoptysis
F) None of a bove

Question 12

As a result of a severe head injury, a patient is now experiencing respiratory abnormalities characterized by alternating periods of deep and shallow breathing with periods of apnea.What term should the nurse use when charting this condition?

Accepted Answer

A)  Cheyne-Stokes 
B)  Frank-Starling 
C)  Apnea 
D)  Orthopnea 
A)  Cheyne-Stokes 
B)  Frank-Starling 
C)  Apnea 
D)  Orthopnea

Question 13

A 10-year-old is brought to the ER with prolonged bronchospasm and severe hypoxemia.The symptomology supports which diagnosis?

Accepted Answer

A)  Exercise-induced asthma 
B)  Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COP
D)  
C)  Status asthmaticus 
D)  Bronchiectasis 
A)  Exercise-induced asthma 
B)  Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COP
D)  
C)  Status asthmaticus 
D)  Bronchiectasis

Question 14

Airway obstruction contributing to increased airflow resistance and hypoventilation in asthma is caused by:

Accepted Answer

A)  type II alveolar cell injury and decreased surfactant. 
B)  alveolar fibrosis and pulmonary edema. 
C)  mucous secretion, bronchoconstriction, and airway edema. 
D)  collapse of the cartilaginous rings in the bronchi. 
A)  type II alveolar cell injury and decreased surfactant. 
B)  alveolar fibrosis and pulmonary edema. 
C)  mucous secretion, bronchoconstriction, and airway edema. 
D)  collapse of the cartilaginous rings in the bronchi.

Question 15

A 15-year-old is diagnosed with restrictive lung disease caused by fibrosis.Which pulmonary function test finding is expected?

Accepted Answer

A)  Increased compliance 
B)  Increased tidal volume 
C)  Decreased respiratory rate 
D)  Decreased functional residual capacity 
A)  Increased compliance 
B)  Increased tidal volume 
C)  Decreased respiratory rate 
D)  Decreased functional residual capacity

Question 16

A patient's arterial blood gas reveals decreased carbon dioxide (CO2)levels.What is the most likely cause of this situation?

Accepted Answer

A)  Hyperventilation 
B)  Hypoventilation 
C)  Apnea 
D)  Cyanosis 
A)  Hyperventilation 
B)  Hypoventilation 
C)  Apnea 
D)  Cyanosis

Question 17

A low ventilation-perfusion ratio of the lung will result in:

Accepted Answer

A)  increased dead space. 
B)  shunting. 
C)  alveolar collapse. 
D)  bronchoconstriction. 
A)  increased dead space. 
B)  shunting. 
C)  alveolar collapse. 
D)  bronchoconstriction.

Question 18

A 60-year-old with a history of cirrhosis presents with dyspnea, impaired ventilation, and pleural pain.A diagnosis of pleural effusion is made, and a watery fluid is drained.When giving report, the nurse will refer to this fluid as:

Accepted Answer

A)  exudative. 
B)  purulent. 
C)  infected. 
D)  transudative. 
A)  exudative. 
B)  purulent. 
C)  infected. 
D)  transudative.

Question 19

Which of the following lab values would the nurse expect in a patient who has sustained trauma to the lungs and chest wall and is experiencing respiratory failure?

Accepted Answer

A)  Electrolyte imbalances 
B)  Elevated PaCO2 
C)  Low hematocrit 
D)  Elevated pH 
A)  Electrolyte imbalances 
B)  Elevated PaCO2 
C)  Low hematocrit 
D)  Elevated pH

Question 20

A 10-year-old develops pneumonia.Physical exam reveals subcostal and intercostal retractions.The child reports that breathing is difficult with feelings that, "I cannot get enough air." What term should the nurse use to document this condition?

Accepted Answer

A)  Cyanosis 
B)  Dyspnea 
C)  Hyperpnea 
D)  Orthopnea 
A)  Cyanosis 
B)  Dyspnea 
C)  Hyperpnea 
D)  Orthopnea

Exam 27: Alterations of Pulmonary Function

Individuals with a recent diagnosis of emphysema should be assessed for which most common presenting factor?

The patient generally acquires nosocomial pneumonia:

The organism that causes tuberculosis is a:

Airway hyperresponsiveness in asthma is related to:

Pneumonia is caused by:

A 60-year-old with a 25-year history of smoking is diagnosed with emphysema.Assessment shows an increased anterior-posterior chest diameter.The nurse attributes this finding to:

Asthma is thought to be caused by:

What is the most likely cause of chronic bronchitis in a 25-year-old?

A 20-year history of smoking causes airways to be obstructed as a result of:

A 50-year-old is diagnosed with lung cancer.The health history includes a 30-year history of smoking, exposure to air pollution, asbestos, and radiation.What had the greatest impact on the development of his cancer?

Which assessment finding would be expected in pulmonary embolism (PE)? (select all that apply)

As a result of a severe head injury, a patient is now experiencing respiratory abnormalities characterized by alternating periods of deep and shallow breathing with periods of apnea.What term should the nurse use when charting this condition?

A 10-year-old is brought to the ER with prolonged bronchospasm and severe hypoxemia.The symptomology supports which diagnosis?

Airway obstruction contributing to increased airflow resistance and hypoventilation in asthma is caused by:

A 15-year-old is diagnosed with restrictive lung disease caused by fibrosis.Which pulmonary function test finding is expected?

A patient's arterial blood gas reveals decreased carbon dioxide (CO2)levels.What is the most likely cause of this situation?

A low ventilation-perfusion ratio of the lung will result in:

A 60-year-old with a history of cirrhosis presents with dyspnea, impaired ventilation, and pleural pain.A diagnosis of pleural effusion is made, and a watery fluid is drained.When giving report, the nurse will refer to this fluid as:

Which of the following lab values would the nurse expect in a patient who has sustained trauma to the lungs and chest wall and is experiencing respiratory failure?

A 10-year-old develops pneumonia.Physical exam reveals subcostal and intercostal retractions.The child reports that breathing is difficult with feelings that, "I cannot get enough air." What term should the nurse use to document this condition?

Cellular Biology

Genes and Genetic Diseases

Epigenetics and Disease

Altered Cellular and Tissue Biology

Fluids and Electrolytes, Acids and Bases

Innate Immunity: Inflammation and Wound Healing

Adaptive Immunity

Infection and Defects in Mechanisms of Defense

Stress and Disease

Biology, Clinical Manifestations, and Treatment of Cancer

Cancer Epidemiology

Cancer in Children

Structure and Function of the Neurologic System

Pain, Temperature, Sleep, and Sensory Function

Alterations in Cognitive Systems, Cerebral Hemodynamics, and Motor Function

Disorders of the Central and Peripheral Nervous Systems and the Neuromuscular Junction

Alterations of Neurologic Function in Children

Mechanisms of Hormonal Regulation

Alterations of Hormonal Regulation

Structure and Function of the Hematologic System

Alterations of Hematologic Function

Alterations of Hematologic Function in Children

Structure and Function of the Cardiovascular and Lymphatic Systems

Alterations of Cardiovascular Function

Alterations of Cardiovascular Function in Children

Structure and Function of the Pulmonary System

Alterations of Pulmonary Function in Children

Structure and Function of the Renal and Urologic Systems

Alterations of Renal and Urinary Tract Function

Alterations of Renal and Urinary Tract Function in Children

Structure and Function of the Reproductive Systems

Alterations of the Female Reproductive System

Alterations of the Male Reproductive System

Structure and Function of the Digestive System

Alterations of Digestive Function

Alterations of Digestive Function in Children

Structure and Function of the Musculoskeletal System

Alterations of Musculoskeletal Function

Alterations of Musculoskeletal Function in Children

Structure, Function, and Disorders of the Integument

Alterations of the Integument in Children

Filters

A patient's arterial blood gas reveals decreased carbon dioxide (CO₂)levels.What is the most likely cause of this situation?