Exam 8: Individual Income Tax Computation and Tax Credits

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When applying credits against a taxpayer's gross tax liability, nonrefundable personal credits are applied first, then business credits, and finally refundable personal credits.

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Harmony is single and was self-employed for the first half of 2019, earning $18,000 of Schedule C (business)net income.During the second half of the year, she began working as an employee and earned $38,000 in salary.What amount of self-employment taxes is Harmony required to pay?

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$2,543.
Answer computed as follows:
 Description Amount  Reference  Limit on Social Security wage  (1) base $132,900(2) Employee compensation 38,000(3) Limit on Social Security base for  self-employment tax purposes 94,900(1)−(2)(4) Self-employment income $18,000 Net earnings from self-  (5) employment percentage 92.35%(1)×(4) Net earnings from self-  (6) employment 16,623(4)×(5) Social Security portion of self-  [Lesser of (3) or (6)]× (7) employment tax 2,06112.4% (8) Medicare portion of selfe- 482 (6) ×2.9%. Note that mployment tax Harmony is not subject to  the additional Medicare tax  because her net selfe- mployment earnings do  not exceed $200,000. Total self-employment tax $2,543(7)+(8)\begin{array}{llcc} \text { Description } & \text {Amount } & \text { Reference } \\ \text { Limit on Social Security wage } &\\ \text { (1) base } &\$132,900\\ \text {(2) Employee compensation } &38,000\\ \text {(3) Limit on Social Security base for } &\\ \text { self-employment tax purposes } &94,900&(1)-(2)\\ \text {(4) Self-employment income } &\$18,000 \\ \text { Net earnings from self- } &\\ \text { (5) employment percentage } &92.35\%&(1)×(4)\\ \text { Net earnings from self- } &\\ \text { (6) employment } &16,623&(4)×(5)\\ \text { Social Security portion of self- } & \text { [Lesser of (3) or \( (6)] \times \)}\\ \text { (7) employment tax } & 2,061&12.4 \% \\ \text { (8) Medicare portion of selfe- } &482& \text { (6) \( \times 2.9 \% \). Note that}\\ \text { mployment tax} & &\text { Harmony is not subject to } \\&& \text { the additional Medicare tax }\\&& \text { because her net selfe- } \\ &&\text {mployment earnings do } \\&& \text { not exceed \( \$ 200,000 \). }\\ \text {Total self-employment tax } &\$2,543&(7)+(8)\\\end{array}

In 2019, Maia (who files as a head of household)reported regular taxable income of $115,000.She itemized her deductions, deducting $8,000 in charitable contributions and $3,000 in state income taxes.What is Maia's alternative minimum taxable income?

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Regular taxable income is the starting point for determining the alternative minimum tax.

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In 2019, Shawn's AGI is $170,000.He earned the income evenly throughout the year.He owed $29,890 in federal income tax and self-employment taxes of $2,590.Last year, he had a gross tax liability of $50,000.What is the minimum quarterly estimated tax payment Shawn must pay each quarter to avoid underpayment penalties for 2019?

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Costa is a single taxpayer.His regular tax liability was $38,000.For 2019, he reported $190,000 of alternative minimum taxable income.What is his alternative minimum tax?

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Employees are allowed to deduct a portion of the FICA taxes they pay.

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Business credits are generally refundable credits.

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Harmony reports a regular tax liability of $15,000 and tentative minimum tax of $17,000.Given just this information, what is her alternative minimum tax liability for the year?

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Tax credits reduce a taxpayer's taxable income dollar for dollar.

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Sheryl's AGI is $250,000.Her current tax liability is $52,068.Last year, her tax liability was $48,722.She will not owe underpayment penalties if her total estimated tax payments are at least which of the following (rounded)amounts? (Assume she makes the required payments each quarter.)

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Jackson earned a salary of $254,000 in 2019.What amount of FICA taxes should Jackson's employer withhold from his paycheck?

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Which of the following tax credits is fully refundable?

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John and Sally pay Janet (Sally's older sister)to watch John and Sally's child Dexter during the day.Janet cares for Dexter in her home.John and Sally may claim a child and dependent care credit based on the amount they pay Janet to care for Dexter.

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Baker is single and earned $225,000 of salary as an employee in 2019.How much should his employer have withheld from his paycheck for FICA taxes? (Round your answer to the nearest whole dollar amount.)

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Apollo is single and his AMT base is $100,250.This amount includes $500 of qualified dividends (the dividends were taxed at 15 percent in determining the regular tax liability).What is Apollo's tentative minimum tax?

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Max is a 14-year-old dependent of his parents.During 2019, Max earned $1,800 working part-time jobs, and he received $1,500 of interest income from corporate bonds that were given to him last year.What is Max's 2019 taxable income?

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The AMT exemption amount is phased out for high-income taxpayers.

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Due to the alternative minimum tax rate structure, a taxpayer with a large amount of long-term capital gains may be susceptible to the alternative minimum tax.

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What is the underpayment penalty rate that taxpayers pay when they underpay their estimated taxes?

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