Question 1

A 54-year-old male is diagnosed with peptic ulcer disease.This condition is most likely caused by:

Accepted Answer

A)  Hereditary hormonal imbalances with high gastrin levels 
B)  Breaks in the mucosa and presence of corrosive secretions 
C)  Decreased vagal activity and vascular engorgement 
D)  Gastric erosions related to high ammonia levels and bile reflux 
A)  Hereditary hormonal imbalances with high gastrin levels 
B)  Breaks in the mucosa and presence of corrosive secretions 
C)  Decreased vagal activity and vascular engorgement 
D)  Gastric erosions related to high ammonia levels and bile reflux

Question 2

Which of the following characteristics is associated with an acute occlusion of mesenteric blood flow to the small intestine?

Accepted Answer

A)  Often precipitated by an embolism 
B)  Commonly associated with disease such as pancreatitis and gallstones 
C)  Caused by chronic malnutrition and mucosal atrophy 
D)  Often a complication of hypovolemic shock 
A)  Often precipitated by an embolism 
B)  Commonly associated with disease such as pancreatitis and gallstones 
C)  Caused by chronic malnutrition and mucosal atrophy 
D)  Often a complication of hypovolemic shock

Question 3

The risk of hypovolemic shock is high with acute mesenteric arterial insufficiency because:

Accepted Answer

A)  The resulting liver failure causes a deficit of plasma proteins and a loss of oncotic pressure. 
B)  Ischemia alters mucosal membrane permeability, and fluid is shifted to the bowel wall and peritoneum. 
C)  Massive bleeding occurs in the GI tract. 
D)  Overstimulation of the parasympathetic nervous system results in ischemic injury to the intestinal wall. 
A)  The resulting liver failure causes a deficit of plasma proteins and a loss of oncotic pressure. 
B)  Ischemia alters mucosal membrane permeability, and fluid is shifted to the bowel wall and peritoneum. 
C)  Massive bleeding occurs in the GI tract. 
D)  Overstimulation of the parasympathetic nervous system results in ischemic injury to the intestinal wall.

Question 4

A 38-year-old female complains of epigastric fullness following a meal,nausea,and epigastric pain.Tests reveal narrowing of the opening between the stomach and the duodenum.This condition is referred to as:

Accepted Answer

A)  Ileocecal obstruction 
B)  Hiatal hernia 
C)  Pyloric obstruction 
D)  Hiatal obstruction 
A)  Ileocecal obstruction 
B)  Hiatal hernia 
C)  Pyloric obstruction 
D)  Hiatal obstruction

Question 5

A 60-year-old male presents with GI bleeding and abdominal pain.He reports that he takes NSAIDs daily to prevent heart attack.Tests reveal that he has a peptic ulcer.The most likely cause of this disease is:

Accepted Answer

A)  Increasing subepithelial bicarbonate production 
B)  Accelerating the H+ (proton) pump in parietal cells 
C)  Inhibiting mucosal prostaglandin synthesis 
D)  Stimulating a shunt of mucosal blood flow 
A)  Increasing subepithelial bicarbonate production 
B)  Accelerating the H+ (proton) pump in parietal cells 
C)  Inhibiting mucosal prostaglandin synthesis 
D)  Stimulating a shunt of mucosal blood flow

Question 6

A serious complication of paraesophageal hiatal hernia is:

Accepted Answer

A)  Hemorrhage 
B)  Strangulation 
C)  Peritonitis 
D)  Ascites 
A)  Hemorrhage 
B)  Strangulation 
C)  Peritonitis 
D)  Ascites

Question 7

A 39-year-old female presents with abdominal pain and jaundice.She is diagnosed with gallstones and undergoes cholecystectomy.An analysis of her gallstones would most likely reveal a high concentration of:

Accepted Answer

A)  Phosphate 
B)  Bilirubin 
C)  Urate 
D)  Cholesterol 
A)  Phosphate 
B)  Bilirubin 
C)  Urate 
D)  Cholesterol

Question 8

Reflux esophagitis is defined as a(n):

Accepted Answer

A)  Immune response to gastroesophageal reflux 
B)  Inflammatory response to gastroesophageal reflux 
C)  Congenital anomaly 
D)  Secretory response to hiatal hernia 
A)  Immune response to gastroesophageal reflux 
B)  Inflammatory response to gastroesophageal reflux 
C)  Congenital anomaly 
D)  Secretory response to hiatal hernia

Question 9

An increase in the rate of red blood cell breakdown causes which form of jaundice?

Accepted Answer

A)  Obstructive 
B)  Hemolytic 
C)  Hepatocellular 
D)  Metabolic 
A)  Obstructive 
B)  Hemolytic 
C)  Hepatocellular 
D)  Metabolic

Question 10

A 46-year-old female is diagnosed with gastric ulcers.Which of the following characterizes the disorder? (Select all that apply.)

Accepted Answer

A)  Pain occurs immediately after eating. 
B)  Weight gain occurs. 
C)  Bile is regurgitated. 
D)  Occurrence is typically a single event. 
E)  Duration of treatment is extended. 
A)  Pain occurs immediately after eating. 
B)  Weight gain occurs. 
C)  Bile is regurgitated. 
D)  Occurrence is typically a single event. 
E)  Duration of treatment is extended.

Question 11

A 52-year-old presents with bleeding from the rectum.This condition is referred to as:

Accepted Answer

A)  Melena 
B)  Occult bleeding 
C)  Hematochezia 
D)  Hematemesis 
A)  Melena 
B)  Occult bleeding 
C)  Hematochezia 
D)  Hematemesis

Question 12

Which of the following type(s)of hepatitis has an incubation period of up to 180 days? (Select al that apply.)

Accepted Answer

A)  A 
B)  B 
C)  C 
D)  D 
E)  E 
A)  A 
B)  B 
C)  C 
D)  D 
E)  E

Question 13

Which of the GI cancers has the highest rate of incidence and is responsible for the highest number of deaths?

Accepted Answer

A)  Esophageal 
B)  Stomach 
C)  Pancreatic 
D)  Colorectal 
A)  Esophageal 
B)  Stomach 
C)  Pancreatic 
D)  Colorectal

Question 14

A 20-year-old male was recently diagnosed with lactose intolerance.He eats an ice cream cone and develops diarrhea.His diarrhea can be classified as _____ diarrhea.

Accepted Answer

A)  Osmotic 
B)  Secretory 
C)  Hypotonic 
D)  Motility 
A)  Osmotic 
B)  Secretory 
C)  Hypotonic 
D)  Motility

Question 15

A 16-year-old female is diagnosed with anorexia nervosa.By definition,the patient would weigh ____% less than normal for age and height:

Accepted Answer

15
The definition of anorexia

Question 16

Complete obstruction of bile flow to the liver would be manifested by:

Accepted Answer

A)  Elevated hemoglobin and hematocrit 
B)  Lower-leg edema 
C)  Clay-colored stools 
D)  Hypotension 
A)  Elevated hemoglobin and hematocrit 
B)  Lower-leg edema 
C)  Clay-colored stools 
D)  Hypotension

Question 17

A 16-year-old female presents with abdominal pain in the right lower quadrant.Physical examination reveals rebound tenderness and a low-grade fever.A possible diagnosis would be:

Accepted Answer

A)  Colon cancer 
B)  Pancreatitis 
C)  Appendicitis 
D)  Hepatitis 
A)  Colon cancer 
B)  Pancreatitis 
C)  Appendicitis 
D)  Hepatitis

Question 18

A 10-month-old is brought to the pediatrician by the mother who states the baby has been experiencing colicky pain followed by vomiting,sweating,nausea,and irritability.Testing reveals a condition in which one part of the intestine telescopes into another.From which type of intestinal obstruction is he suffering?

Accepted Answer

A)  Hernia 
B)  Ileus 
C)  Torsion 
D)  Intussusception 
A)  Hernia 
B)  Ileus 
C)  Torsion 
D)  Intussusception

Question 19

Tissue damage in pancreatitis is caused by:

Accepted Answer

A)  Insulin toxicity 
B)  Autoimmune destruction of the pancreas 
C)  Leakage of pancreatic enzymes 
D)  Hydrochloric acid reflux into the pancreatic duct 
A)  Insulin toxicity 
B)  Autoimmune destruction of the pancreas 
C)  Leakage of pancreatic enzymes 
D)  Hydrochloric acid reflux into the pancreatic duct

Question 20

A 42-year-old female presents with abdominal discomfort,epigastric tenderness,and bleeding.Gastroscopy reveals degeneration of the gastric mucosa in the body and fundus of the stomach.Which of the following would most likely follow?

Accepted Answer

A)  Pernicious anemia 
B)  Osmotic diarrhea 
C)  Increased acid secretion 
D)  Decreased gastrin secretion 
A)  Pernicious anemia 
B)  Osmotic diarrhea 
C)  Increased acid secretion 
D)  Decreased gastrin secretion

Exam 34: Alterations of Digestive Function

A 54-year-old male is diagnosed with peptic ulcer disease.This condition is most likely caused by:

Which of the following characteristics is associated with an acute occlusion of mesenteric blood flow to the small intestine?

The risk of hypovolemic shock is high with acute mesenteric arterial insufficiency because:

A 38-year-old female complains of epigastric fullness following a meal,nausea,and epigastric pain.Tests reveal narrowing of the opening between the stomach and the duodenum.This condition is referred to as:

A 60-year-old male presents with GI bleeding and abdominal pain.He reports that he takes NSAIDs daily to prevent heart attack.Tests reveal that he has a peptic ulcer.The most likely cause of this disease is:

A serious complication of paraesophageal hiatal hernia is:

A 39-year-old female presents with abdominal pain and jaundice.She is diagnosed with gallstones and undergoes cholecystectomy.An analysis of her gallstones would most likely reveal a high concentration of:

Reflux esophagitis is defined as a(n):

An increase in the rate of red blood cell breakdown causes which form of jaundice?

A 46-year-old female is diagnosed with gastric ulcers.Which of the following characterizes the disorder? (Select all that apply.)

A 52-year-old presents with bleeding from the rectum.This condition is referred to as:

Which of the following type(s)of hepatitis has an incubation period of up to 180 days? (Select al that apply.)

Which of the GI cancers has the highest rate of incidence and is responsible for the highest number of deaths?

A 20-year-old male was recently diagnosed with lactose intolerance.He eats an ice cream cone and develops diarrhea.His diarrhea can be classified as _____ diarrhea.

A 16-year-old female is diagnosed with anorexia nervosa.By definition,the patient would weigh ____% less than normal for age and height:

Complete obstruction of bile flow to the liver would be manifested by:

A 16-year-old female presents with abdominal pain in the right lower quadrant.Physical examination reveals rebound tenderness and a low-grade fever.A possible diagnosis would be:

Tissue damage in pancreatitis is caused by:

A 42-year-old female presents with abdominal discomfort,epigastric tenderness,and bleeding.Gastroscopy reveals degeneration of the gastric mucosa in the body and fundus of the stomach.Which of the following would most likely follow?

Cellular Biology

Genes and Genetic Diseases

Altered Cellular and Tissue Biology

Fluids and Electrolytes, Acids and Bases

Innate Immunity: Inflammation and Wound Healing

Adaptive Immunity

Infection and Defects in Mechanisms of Defense

Stress and Disease

Biology, Clinical Manifestations, and Treatment of Cancer

Cancer Epidemiology

Cancer in Children

Structure and Function of the Neurologic System

Pain, Temperature, Sleep, and Sensory Function

Alterations in Cognitive Systems, Cerebral Hemodynamics and Motor Function

Disorders of the Central and Peripheral Nervous Systems and the Neuromuscular Junction

Alterations of Neurologic Function in Children

Mechanisms of Hormonal Regulation

Alterations of Hormonal Regulation

Structure and Function of the Hematologic System

Alterations of Hematologic Function

Alterations of Hematologic Function in Children

Structure and Function of the Cardiovascular and Lymphatic Systems

Alterations of Cardiovascular Function

Alterations of Cardiovascular Function in Children

Structure and Function of the Pulmonary System

Alterations of Pulmonary Function

Alterations of Pulmonary Function in Children

Structure and Function of the Renal and Urologic Systems

Alterations of Renal and Urinary Tract Function

Alterations of Renal and Urinary Tract Function in Children

Structure and Function of the Reproductive Systems

Alterations of the Reproductive Systems Including Sexually Transmitted Infections

Structure and Function of the Digestive System

Alterations of Digestive Function in Children

Structure and Function of the Musculoskeletal System

Alterations of Musculoskeletal Function

Alterations of Musculoskeletal Function in Children

Structure, Function, and Disorders of the Integument

Alterations of the Integument in Children

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