Exam 18: The Urinary System

In the kidneys, the hormone that increases the excretion of sodium ions and water is:

In women, the urethra is ____ to the vagina.

The juxtaglomerular cells of the kidney secrete ____________________ when ____________________ decreases.

The two major parts of a nephron are the ____________________ and ____________________.

The cavity on the medial side of a kidney is formed by the expansion of the ____________________ within the kidney and is called the ____________________.

The creatinine in urine comes from energy metabolism in:

If aldosterone secretion decreases, more ____________________ ions will be present in urine and more ____________________ ions will remain in the blood.

The parts of a renal corpuscle that are very permeable are the:

The juxtaglomerular cells of the kidneys secrete:

The kidneys respond to increased alkalinity of body fluids by:

The urinary bladder is posterior to the ____________________ bones.

Which of the following statements are true of tubular reabsorption? (Read carefully and select all of the correct statements.)

The inner layer of the Bowman's capsule is made of cells called ____________________, which make this layer very ____________________.

In tubular reabsorption, positive ions are reabsorbed by the process of ____________________.

The parts of a nephron found in the renal medulla are:

The functions of angiotensin II are to cause ____________________ and to increase the secretion of ____________________.

In tubular reabsorption, negative ions are reabsorbed by the process of ____________________.

In the process of tubular secretion, ____________________ and ____________________ may be excreted.

In the proximal convoluted tubule, the surface area of the cells is increased by the presence of ____________________.

The kidneys are ____ to the backbone and ____ to the diaphragm.