Exam 7: Experiments

A true experiment allows the establishment of nonspuriousness through ______.

What is a procedure used to equate experimental and comparison groups,but by itself is a poor substitute for randomization?

A researcher is concerned that gender may affect how subjects respond to an experimental stimulus.So subjects are paired with another subject who has the same gender,and one member from each pair is assigned by a flip of a coin to the experimental group and one to the control group.This method of assigning subjects to groups is called ______.

A true experiment must have all of the following EXCEPT ______.

Two types of before-and-after experimental designs in which multiple pretest and posttest observations are made of the same group are ______.

In what situations is it ethical to deceive participants in an experiment? Provide an example that would ethically allow deception and an example in which the ethics of deception are more ambiguous.

Is it possible to determine whether a treatment led to a change in the value of cases on the dependent variable in an experiment in which there was no pretest?

A researcher is asked to distribute medication to the participants of a study.Although each cup of medication is labeled with the participant's number,neither the researcher nor the participants know who is getting the placebo and who is getting the actual treatment.What type of experimental method does this example illustrate?

Researchers sometimes find that subjects in the experimental group seem more motivated than the subjects in the comparison group,which leads to greater drop out from the comparison group.This is known as ______.

Which of the following is NOT a source of non-comparability between comparison groups?

If researchers have evidence that some treatment will produce benefits for participants,but they do not have the financial resources to administer it to all subjects,what is an ethical way to distribute the benefits without compromising the strength of experimental design?

Research Assistant Z is particularly enthusiastic when working with subjects who are receiving SUPER treatment but less animated when working with subjects who are receiving a placebo.Z's actions may introduce what type of internal invalidity into the research on SUPER treatment?

Changes in outcome scores during experiments that involve a lengthy treatment period may result from ______.

Maturation in experiments occurs when changes in outcome scores are likely due to a length treatment period.

This term refers to when comparison group members are aware that they are being denied some advantages and,in response,increase their efforts to compensate for this denial.

A researcher randomly assigns people into two groups: one that will receive the experimental treatment and one that will not.The group that receives the treatment is called the ______.

Researcher B collects the number of new building permits issued in Sunny City every month for 5 years prior to the establishment of Sunny City's new development controls and for 5 years after the development controls were in place.B wants to know if the development controls changed the number of new building permits.B's research design is ______.

This problem occurs when the groups become different after the experiment begins because more participants drop out of one of the groups than out of the other(s)for various reasons.

Assigning subjects randomly to the experimental and comparison groups ensures that this does not affect the assignment of subjects to groups.

In an experiment,the group which receives the treatment is called the ______.