Exam 3: Theories of Health Behavior

The textbook's discussion of message framing suggests that gain-framed messages are to ______ prevention as loss-framed messages are to ______ prevention.

A social efficacy component is ______ in the health belief model and ______ in social cognitive theory.

Overall, fear-based appeals ______.

The health action process approach contains two broad stages: the action and maintenance stages.

Continuum theories of health behavior do NOT include ______.

The effectiveness of a particular message promoting condom use may vary depending on an individual's focus on intimacy in their relationships.

Anh Dung, Guillermo, and Al are three men in treatment for alcohol use disorder. Anh Dung remarks that he experiences strong cravings for a drink; Guillermo has exceptional verbal skills; and Al scores high on subclinical tests of psychopathology. Which choice pairs a potential treatment element with the individual for whom it is MOST appropriately tailored?

With respect to health-promotion messages, tailored is to ______ as targeted is to ______.

Patterns of brain activation suggest that fear-based appeals should be highly effective.

The idea that behaviors can be increased or decreased as a result of their consequences is at the heart of a learning process called ______.

In one study described in the text (Kalichman and colleagues, 1993), targeting safe-sex messages through background music, choice of narrator, and culturally appropriate references resulted in an increase of about ______ percentage points in the proportion of Black women requesting condoms.

The portrayal of the likely success of such procedures as CPR on television medical dramas is BEST described as ______.

According to the social cognition model, whether an individual thinks that strength training will have any effect on their physique is an example of self-efficacy.

The newest stage model of health behavior change is the ______. This far, the empirical support for this model is ______.

DARE, the often-used drug prevention program is ______ successful.

Propose a positive health behavior change you might undertake in the near future, or one that a close friend or family member might undertake. Suggest how the change might unfold according to the transtheoretical or stages of change model. Be sure to briefly define each stage of the model and to illustrate each stage with a concrete example reflecting the proposed health behavior change.

Which statement is NOT a valid criticism of continuum theories of health behavior?

Operant conditioning approaches are MOST effective when people are rewarded for small steps in the right direction.

The use of learning theory to design programs aimed at promoting health behavior yields changes that are ______.

"Health behaviors are no different than any other behavior," a health psychologist argues. "They are acquired through basic mechanisms like association, reinforcement, and modeling," she continues. The health psychologist seems to endorse ______.