Exam 9: Race and Ethnicity

Human development research has reached the conclusion that ___________.

The average life expectancy at birth of people in low-HDI countries is about___________ years less than that of people in very-high-HDI nations.

Complex patterns of international labor and production processes are termed ___________.

According to economic advisor Walt Rostow, all countries go through four stages of economic development. What is the correct sequence of economic development stages?

The adult literacy rate in the low-income countries is about half that of the high-income countries.___________ constitute about two-thirds of those who are illiterate in the low-income countries.

In 1990, the United Nations introduced the ___________, establishing three new criteria, in addition to the gross national income, for measuring the level of development in a country.

Throughout the world, even in remote and rural areas, people are benefiting from the economic development of low- and middle-income countries.

Immanuel Wallerstein's ___________theory suggests that what exists under capitalism is a truly global system that is held together by economic ties in which wealthier nations benefit from other nations.

The United Nations Development Programme uses a multidimensional measure of poverty. What are the dimensions used in the multidimensional poverty index (MPI)?

According to the United Nations, the gap in literacy rates between women and men has virtually disappeared.

According to___________ , poorer nations cannot pursue their own economic and human development because they are trapped in a cycle of reliance on the richer nations for infusions of foreign capital and external markets for their raw materials.

Many people in low-income nations remain in poor health. In fact, about___________ million people die each year from diarrhea, malaria, tuberculosis, and other infections and parasitic illnesses.

The Gini coefficient measures the degree of inequality in the distribution of family income in a country.

Distinguish among absolute, relative, and subjective poverty.

According to___________ , the low-income, less-developed nations can improve their standard of living only with a period of intensive economic growth and accompanying changes in people's beliefs, values, and attitudes toward work.

___________poverty is measured by comparing the actual income against the income earner's expectations and perceptions.

Explain what is measured by the Gini coefficient.

The___________ , named after a U.S. secretary of state, provided massive sums of money in direct aid and loans to rebuild the European economic base destroyed during World War II.

___________refers to the closing of plants and factories because of their obsolescence or because workers in other nations are being hired to do the work more cheaply.

From the perspective of new international division of labor theory,___________ .