Question 1

What has been the most controversial aspect of affirmative action in Brazil?

Accepted Answer

A) racial quotas at public universities 
B) racial quotas in the state bureaucracy 
C) affirmative action in the diplomatic corps 
D) cash payments for indigenous workers that have lost jobs 
A) racial quotas at public universities 
B) racial quotas in the state bureaucracy 
C) affirmative action in the diplomatic corps 
D) cash payments for indigenous workers that have lost jobs A

Question 2

Democratization in Brazil during the 1980s resulted from

Accepted Answer

A) the military backing a civilian pro-democratic reform candidate. 
B) a popular uprising. 
C) the rapid collapse of the military. 
D) foreign intervention. 
A) the military backing a civilian pro-democratic reform candidate. 
B) a popular uprising. 
C) the rapid collapse of the military. 
D) foreign intervention. A

Question 3

How has the issue of race evolved in Brazilian political discourse? What has been the effect of affirmative action programs introduced in the 1990s?

Accepted Answer

A good answer will note that Brazil,as a legacy of slavery,contains the largest population of Africans outside of Africa.Although race-based inequality and racism exist,they have not polarized politics.Starting in the 1990s,President Cardoso brought race into the national discourse by claiming the status of a multiracial democracy to be an illusion,citing the fact that skin tone largely corresponds to level of wealth.Cardoso's government began addressing the problem by appointing minorities to government posts and enacting an affirmative action program that established quotas for Afro-Brazilian admissions into state universities-this policy is fiercely contentious among Brazilians as it is increasingly difficult to define who is and who is not black.

Question 4

Slavery ended in Brazil

Accepted Answer

A) because of a slave rebellion against whites. 
B) only in the early twentieth century. 
C) after a civil war similar to that of the United States. 
D) peacefully,by royal decree. 
A) because of a slave rebellion against whites. 
B) only in the early twentieth century. 
C) after a civil war similar to that of the United States. 
D) peacefully,by royal decree.

Question 5

Which of the following statements regarding the Brazilian military is accurate?

Accepted Answer

A) Da Silva's Truth Commission resulted in the first imprisonment of Brazil's military leaders since the end of their formal rule. 
B) President da Silva tested the military's loyalty by presiding over a broad decrease in military spending. 
C) The military successfully engineered a full amnesty for itself concerning human rights abuses during military rule. 
D) The military officers most closely connected to the military's authoritarian regime continue to hold top posts in the armed forces. 
A) Da Silva's Truth Commission resulted in the first imprisonment of Brazil's military leaders since the end of their formal rule. 
B) President da Silva tested the military's loyalty by presiding over a broad decrease in military spending. 
C) The military successfully engineered a full amnesty for itself concerning human rights abuses during military rule. 
D) The military officers most closely connected to the military's authoritarian regime continue to hold top posts in the armed forces.

Question 6

What were the findings of the Truth Commission in 2014?

Accepted Answer

A) recommendation to slash the military budget 
B) recommendation that 100 military perpetrators be tried for human rights abuses 
C) recommendation to create a single civilian Ministry of Defense 
D) recommendation to place selection of military commanders under the control of the legislature 
A) recommendation to slash the military budget 
B) recommendation that 100 military perpetrators be tried for human rights abuses 
C) recommendation to create a single civilian Ministry of Defense 
D) recommendation to place selection of military commanders under the control of the legislature

Question 7

Latin American populists like Getúlio Vargas

Accepted Answer

A) mobilized urban workers. 
B) allied with agrarian elites. 
C) were supportive of communists. 
D) weakened the central state. 
A) mobilized urban workers. 
B) allied with agrarian elites. 
C) were supportive of communists. 
D) weakened the central state.

Question 8

Which of the following statements about government corruption in Brazil is accurate?

Accepted Answer

A) President Rousseff's hard stance against corruption was undermined by numerous corruption allegations against members of her cabinet. 
B) President da Silva's administration has been the only one in recent decades to escape corruption allegations. 
C) The electoral system forces high accountability for individual legislators,which pushes corruption into the executive. 
D) President Rousseff was unsuccessfully impeached due to corruption charges. 
A) President Rousseff's hard stance against corruption was undermined by numerous corruption allegations against members of her cabinet. 
B) President da Silva's administration has been the only one in recent decades to escape corruption allegations. 
C) The electoral system forces high accountability for individual legislators,which pushes corruption into the executive. 
D) President Rousseff was unsuccessfully impeached due to corruption charges.

Question 9

The rapid settlement and development of Brazil's interior in the eighteenth century occurred due to

Accepted Answer

A) overpopulation on the coast. 
B) a desire to enslave indigenous Brazilians. 
C) the depletion of the rain forest. 
D) the discovery of gold and diamonds. 
A) overpopulation on the coast. 
B) a desire to enslave indigenous Brazilians. 
C) the depletion of the rain forest. 
D) the discovery of gold and diamonds.

Question 10

Brazil's military regime after 1964 was a(n)

Accepted Answer

A) Communist regime. 
B) illiberal democracy. 
C) populist dictatorship. 
D) bureaucratic authoritarian regime. 
A) Communist regime. 
B) illiberal democracy. 
C) populist dictatorship. 
D) bureaucratic authoritarian regime.

Question 11

What has been a major problem for Brazil's Federal Supreme Court since the return of democracy?

Accepted Answer

A) a crushing caseload 
B) declining independence 
C) an inability to overturn legislation 
D) extreme partisanship 
A) a crushing caseload 
B) declining independence 
C) an inability to overturn legislation 
D) extreme partisanship

Question 12

Brazil's electoral system uses

Accepted Answer

A) single-member districts with plurality. 
B) closed-list proportional representation. 
C) a mixed electoral system. 
D) open-list proportional representation. 
A) single-member districts with plurality. 
B) closed-list proportional representation. 
C) a mixed electoral system. 
D) open-list proportional representation.

Question 13

Which of the following has resulted from the persistent lack of legislative majorities in Brazil?

Accepted Answer

A) fewer uses of line-item vetoes 
B) more overrides of presidential vetoes 
C) presidential legislating by emergency decree 
D) reduced use of congressional hearings 
A) fewer uses of line-item vetoes 
B) more overrides of presidential vetoes 
C) presidential legislating by emergency decree 
D) reduced use of congressional hearings

Question 14

Describe the origins of Brazil's significant social and economic inequality.What was the role of the sugar trade in this development?

Accepted Answer

A good answer will briefly explain that

Question 15

Describe the three main problems of Brazil's economy-inflation,public debt,and unemployment.Has democratization had a positive effect on these problems?

Accepted Answer

A good answer will explain all three pro

Question 16

Which of the following statements accurately describes Brazilian political culture?

Accepted Answer

A) Just barely over half of Brazilians express satisfaction with democracy in their country. 
B) Most Brazilians view democracy as preferable to any other system of government. 
C) Most Brazilians identify strongly with an individual party and as a whole have grown very politically polarized in the last two decades. 
D) Brazilians have very low levels of confidence in political parties but are not ideologically polarized. 
A) Just barely over half of Brazilians express satisfaction with democracy in their country. 
B) Most Brazilians view democracy as preferable to any other system of government. 
C) Most Brazilians identify strongly with an individual party and as a whole have grown very politically polarized in the last two decades. 
D) Brazilians have very low levels of confidence in political parties but are not ideologically polarized.

Question 17

How do both the Party of the Brazilian Democratic Movement (PMDB)and the Brazilian Social Democracy Party (PSDB)differ from the Democrats (DEM)?

Accepted Answer

A) Both lack a regional focus. 
B) Both lack a strong ideological orientation. 
C) Both hold much smaller,weaker positions in the national legislature. 
D) Both are more committed to free-market principles. 
A) Both lack a regional focus. 
B) Both lack a strong ideological orientation. 
C) Both hold much smaller,weaker positions in the national legislature. 
D) Both are more committed to free-market principles.

Question 18

In which of the following ways does the Brazilian Federal Senate's power differ from that of the Chamber of Deputies?

Accepted Answer

A) The Senate plays a key role in executive policy making. 
B) The Senate has the power to approve top presidential appointments. 
C) The Senate can override presidential vetoes with a majority vote. 
D) The Senate can amend the constitution. 
A) The Senate plays a key role in executive policy making. 
B) The Senate has the power to approve top presidential appointments. 
C) The Senate can override presidential vetoes with a majority vote. 
D) The Senate can amend the constitution.

Question 19

Brazil's political party system

Accepted Answer

A) is a two-party system like that of the United States. 
B) is a three-party system similar to that of the United Kingdom. 
C) lacks any clearly defined political parties. 
D) is badly fragmented,with numerous undisciplined parties. 
A) is a two-party system like that of the United States. 
B) is a three-party system similar to that of the United Kingdom. 
C) lacks any clearly defined political parties. 
D) is badly fragmented,with numerous undisciplined parties.

Question 20

Describe the main features of bureaucratic authoritarianism under military rule in Brazil.What legacy of that rule still affects Brazil today?

Accepted Answer

A good answer will note the several feat

Exam 21: Brazil

What has been the most controversial aspect of affirmative action in Brazil?

Democratization in Brazil during the 1980s resulted from

How has the issue of race evolved in Brazilian political discourse? What has been the effect of affirmative action programs introduced in the 1990s?

Slavery ended in Brazil

Which of the following statements regarding the Brazilian military is accurate?

What were the findings of the Truth Commission in 2014?

Latin American populists like Getúlio Vargas

Which of the following statements about government corruption in Brazil is accurate?

The rapid settlement and development of Brazil's interior in the eighteenth century occurred due to

Brazil's military regime after 1964 was a(n)

What has been a major problem for Brazil's Federal Supreme Court since the return of democracy?

Brazil's electoral system uses

Which of the following has resulted from the persistent lack of legislative majorities in Brazil?

Describe the origins of Brazil's significant social and economic inequality.What was the role of the sugar trade in this development?

Describe the three main problems of Brazil's economy-inflation,public debt,and unemployment.Has democratization had a positive effect on these problems?

Which of the following statements accurately describes Brazilian political culture?

How do both the Party of the Brazilian Democratic Movement (PMDB)and the Brazilian Social Democracy Party (PSDB)differ from the Democrats (DEM)?

In which of the following ways does the Brazilian Federal Senate's power differ from that of the Chamber of Deputies?

Brazil's political party system

Describe the main features of bureaucratic authoritarianism under military rule in Brazil.What legacy of that rule still affects Brazil today?

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