Question 1

In cellular respiration, ________ is produced during ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  oxygen; the citric acid cycle 
B)  carbon dioxide; the citric acid cycle 
C)  oxygen; the electron transport chain 
D)  carbon dioxide; the electron transport chain 
A)  oxygen; the citric acid cycle 
B)  carbon dioxide; the citric acid cycle 
C)  oxygen; the electron transport chain 
D)  carbon dioxide; the electron transport chain

Question 2

Most of the large, fast-flowing rivers in the northwest United States are blocked by human-made dams. Water is directed through pipes in each dam that lead to hydroelectric generators. The generators in these dams create electricity as water rushes past them. This is most similar to which of the following metabolic processes?

Accepted Answer

A)  the splitting of glucose during glycolysis 
B)  the release of carbon dioxide during the citric acid cycle 
C)  the transport of electrons by NADH 
D)  the passage of hydrogen ions through ATP synthase to make ADP into ATP 
A)  the splitting of glucose during glycolysis 
B)  the release of carbon dioxide during the citric acid cycle 
C)  the transport of electrons by NADH 
D)  the passage of hydrogen ions through ATP synthase to make ADP into ATP

Question 3

Which of the following is a true statement about the differences in fat and energy storage between average men and women?

Accepted Answer

A)  Men have proportionally more energy stores (fat) than women. 
B)  Women store proportionally more fat in their breasts, hips, and thighs than men. 
C)  Women need less body fat than men in order to maintain normal menstruation and to become pregnant. 
D)  Women store less energy as fat and burn more energy, proportionally, than men. 
A)  Men have proportionally more energy stores (fat) than women. 
B)  Women store proportionally more fat in their breasts, hips, and thighs than men. 
C)  Women need less body fat than men in order to maintain normal menstruation and to become pregnant. 
D)  Women store less energy as fat and burn more energy, proportionally, than men.

Question 4

If loading and shooting a dart gun is analogous to how ATP functions, which of the following components of ATP is similar to the dart?

Accepted Answer

A)  the nitrogenous base 
B)  the sugar 
C)  a phosphate 
D)  a photon 
A)  the nitrogenous base 
B)  the sugar 
C)  a phosphate 
D)  a photon

Question 5

What is the name and function of the protein channel where H+ ions escape into the matrix of the mitochondrion?

Accepted Answer

A)  ATP synthase; to add a phosphate to ADP 
B)  OAA; to remove a phosphate from ATP 
C)  grana; to break the bonds of ATP 
D)  pyruvic acid; to create ADP from ATP 
A)  ATP synthase; to add a phosphate to ADP 
B)  OAA; to remove a phosphate from ATP 
C)  grana; to break the bonds of ATP 
D)  pyruvic acid; to create ADP from ATP

Question 6

Which of the following is a "metabolic taxicab" that shuttles electrons?

Accepted Answer

A)  OAA 
B)  NADH 
C)  ATP 
D)  ADP 
A)  OAA 
B)  NADH 
C)  ATP 
D)  ADP

Question 7

The role of insulin in the human body is to

Accepted Answer

A)  increase the level of sugar in the blood. 
B)  decrease the amount of body fat. 
C)  trigger body cells to take up glucose. 
D)  trigger the immune system to destroy the beta cells in the pancreas. 
A)  increase the level of sugar in the blood. 
B)  decrease the amount of body fat. 
C)  trigger body cells to take up glucose. 
D)  trigger the immune system to destroy the beta cells in the pancreas.

Question 8

Creatine phosphate (marketed as "creatine")is a popular supplement taken by weightlifters and other athletes. This supplement provides phosphates that

Accepted Answer

A)  readily allow for the regeneration of ATP. 
B)  break down glucose during the citric acid cycle. 
C)  accept electrons at the end of the electron transport chain. 
D)  ensure ATP is never broken down into ADP. 
A)  readily allow for the regeneration of ATP. 
B)  break down glucose during the citric acid cycle. 
C)  accept electrons at the end of the electron transport chain. 
D)  ensure ATP is never broken down into ADP.

Question 9

Why is oxygen needed in cellular respiration?

Accepted Answer

A)  Oxygen combines with ADP to create ATP. 
B)  Oxygen is the final electron acceptor in the electron transport chain. 
C)  Oxygen carries electrons from the citric acid cycle to the electron transport chain. 
D)  Fermentation in muscle cells relies upon oxygen as an electron acceptor. 
A)  Oxygen combines with ADP to create ATP. 
B)  Oxygen is the final electron acceptor in the electron transport chain. 
C)  Oxygen carries electrons from the citric acid cycle to the electron transport chain. 
D)  Fermentation in muscle cells relies upon oxygen as an electron acceptor.

Question 10

If no oxygen is available in a cell, then ________ will follow glycolysis.

Accepted Answer

A)  fermentation 
B)  cellular respiration 
C)  phosphorylation 
D)  the conversion of CO2 into O2 
A)  fermentation 
B)  cellular respiration 
C)  phosphorylation 
D)  the conversion of CO2 into O2

Question 11

What would happen if activation energy barriers didn't exist?

Accepted Answer

A)  Substrates would not bind properly to enzymes. 
B)  Chemical reactions in the body would never occur. 
C)  Coenzymes would not work, but enzyme function would not be affected. 
D)  All chemical reactions in the body would proceed whether they were needed or not. 
A)  Substrates would not bind properly to enzymes. 
B)  Chemical reactions in the body would never occur. 
C)  Coenzymes would not work, but enzyme function would not be affected. 
D)  All chemical reactions in the body would proceed whether they were needed or not.

Question 12

What makes some people "lactose intolerant" as adults?

Accepted Answer

A)  Some people don't produce any enzymes, including the one needed to digest lactose. 
B)  Lactose can only be digested by people who produce enough lactic acid to digest it. 
C)  Lactose-intolerant people don't produce adequate amounts of lactase. 
D)  The active site of the lactose-digesting enzyme can vary from person to person. 
A)  Some people don't produce any enzymes, including the one needed to digest lactose. 
B)  Lactose can only be digested by people who produce enough lactic acid to digest it. 
C)  Lactose-intolerant people don't produce adequate amounts of lactase. 
D)  The active site of the lactose-digesting enzyme can vary from person to person.

Question 13

Which of the following are made during glycolysis?

Accepted Answer

A)  NADH and ATP 
B)  ADP and NADPH 
C)  water and NAD+ 
D)  oxygen and water 
A)  NADH and ATP 
B)  ADP and NADPH 
C)  water and NAD+ 
D)  oxygen and water

Question 14

If necessary, our muscles can rely upon an anaerobic (fermentative)pathway to metabolize glucose, but this can only last a short period of time. Why can't our cells survive very long under such anaerobic conditions?

Accepted Answer

A)  Fermentation doesn't extract enough ATP from glucose to sustain our energy-craving cells. 
B)  Anaerobic conditions creates a "carbon dioxide debt" that needs to be repaid quickly before the cells die. 
C)  The ethyl alcohol that builds up in muscles as a result of fermentation is a toxin. 
D)  Lactic acid causes the cell to die when it's exposed to even lower concentrations. 
A)  Fermentation doesn't extract enough ATP from glucose to sustain our energy-craving cells. 
B)  Anaerobic conditions creates a "carbon dioxide debt" that needs to be repaid quickly before the cells die. 
C)  The ethyl alcohol that builds up in muscles as a result of fermentation is a toxin. 
D)  Lactic acid causes the cell to die when it's exposed to even lower concentrations.

Question 15

Which of these statements is generally true?

Accepted Answer

A)  Men have a thicker dermis than women, causing male muscles to appear larger. 
B)  People with larger body frames carry more body fat than people with smaller body frames. 
C)  Younger people tend to carry more fat than older people. 
D)  Larger muscles contain more fatty tissue than smaller muscles. 
A)  Men have a thicker dermis than women, causing male muscles to appear larger. 
B)  People with larger body frames carry more body fat than people with smaller body frames. 
C)  Younger people tend to carry more fat than older people. 
D)  Larger muscles contain more fatty tissue than smaller muscles.

Question 16

How much ATP is produced from one glucose molecule if no oxygen is available to a muscle cell during contraction?

Accepted Answer

A)  none 
B)  1 molecule 
C)  2 molecules 
D)  26 molecules 
A)  none 
B)  1 molecule 
C)  2 molecules 
D)  26 molecules

Question 17

An infinite variety of enzymes and other proteins could be produced from the ________ amino acids in the human body.

Accepted Answer

A)  10 
B)  20 
C)  millions of 
D)  infinite variety of 
A)  10 
B)  20 
C)  millions of 
D)  infinite variety of

Question 18

The main biochemical function of the electron transport chain is to

Accepted Answer

A)  break glucose into pyruvic acid. 
B)  add phosphate groups to ATP. 
C)  regenerate OAA. 
D)  force hydrogen ions through ATP synthase. 
A)  break glucose into pyruvic acid. 
B)  add phosphate groups to ATP. 
C)  regenerate OAA. 
D)  force hydrogen ions through ATP synthase.

Question 19

Approximately one out of every ________ Americans has a BMI greater than 30 and is considered ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  3; underweight 
B)  3; overweight 
C)  20; overweight 
D)  20; underweight 
A)  3; underweight 
B)  3; overweight 
C)  20; overweight 
D)  20; underweight

Question 20

Which of the following is true regarding the BMI of healthy men and women?

Accepted Answer

A)  Healthy men always have a higher BMI than healthy women. 
B)  A BMI of 10 or less is ideal for both sexes. 
C)  Both healthy men and women have a BMI of at least 20 but less than 25. 
D)  The BMI of both healthy men and healthy women tends to decrease with age. 
A)  Healthy men always have a higher BMI than healthy women. 
B)  A BMI of 10 or less is ideal for both sexes. 
C)  Both healthy men and women have a BMI of at least 20 but less than 25. 
D)  The BMI of both healthy men and healthy women tends to decrease with age.

Exam 4: Fat: How Much is Right for You? Enzymes, Metabolism, and Cellular Respiration

In cellular respiration, ________ is produced during ________.

Which of the following is a true statement about the differences in fat and energy storage between average men and women?

If loading and shooting a dart gun is analogous to how ATP functions, which of the following components of ATP is similar to the dart?

What is the name and function of the protein channel where H+ ions escape into the matrix of the mitochondrion?

Which of the following is a "metabolic taxicab" that shuttles electrons?

The role of insulin in the human body is to

Creatine phosphate (marketed as "creatine")is a popular supplement taken by weightlifters and other athletes. This supplement provides phosphates that

Why is oxygen needed in cellular respiration?

If no oxygen is available in a cell, then ________ will follow glycolysis.

What would happen if activation energy barriers didn't exist?

What makes some people "lactose intolerant" as adults?

Which of the following are made during glycolysis?

If necessary, our muscles can rely upon an anaerobic (fermentative)pathway to metabolize glucose, but this can only last a short period of time. Why can't our cells survive very long under such anaerobic conditions?

Which of these statements is generally true?

How much ATP is produced from one glucose molecule if no oxygen is available to a muscle cell during contraction?

An infinite variety of enzymes and other proteins could be produced from the ________ amino acids in the human body.

The main biochemical function of the electron transport chain is to

Approximately one out of every ________ Americans has a BMI greater than 30 and is considered ________.

Which of the following is true regarding the BMI of healthy men and women?

Can Science Cure the Common Cold? Introduction to the Scientific Method

Are We Alone in the Universe? Water, Biochemistry, and Cells

Is It Possible to Supplement Your Way to Better Health?

Life in the Greenhouse: Photosynthesis and Global Warming

Cancer: DNA Synthesis, Mitosis, and Meiosis

Are You Only as Smart as Your Genes? Mendelian and Quantitative Genetics

DNA Detective: Complex Patterns of Inheritance and DNA Fingerprinting

Genetically Modified Organisms: Gene Expression, Mutation, and Cloning

Where Did We Come From? The Evidence for Evolution

An Evolving Enemy: Natural Selection

Who Am I? Species and Races

Prospecting for Biological Gold: Biodiversity and Classification

Is the Human Population Too Large? Population Ecology

Conserving Biodiversity: Community and Ecosystem Ecology

Where Do You Live? Climate and Biomes

Organ Donation: Tissues Organs and Organ Systems

Clearing the Air: Respiratory Cardiovascular and Excretory Systems

Vaccinations: Protection and Prevention or Peril? Immune System

Sex Differences and Athleticism: Endocrine Skeletal and Muscular Systems

Is There Something in the Water? Reproductive and Developmental Biology

Attention Deficit Disorder: Brain Structure and Function

Feeding the World: Plant Structure and Growth

Growing a Green Thumb: Plant Physiology

Filters

In cellular respiration, is produced during .

What is the name and function of the protein channel where H⁺ ions escape into the matrix of the mitochondrion?

Approximately one out of every Americans has a BMI greater than 30 and is considered .