Question 1

The time interval between the initial deposition of the anesthetic solution at the nerve site and complete conduction blockade is referred to as the:

Accepted Answer

A)  Absolute refractory period 
B)  Relative refractory period 
C)  Induction time 
D)  Half-life 
E)  None of the above 
A)  Absolute refractory period 
B)  Relative refractory period 
C)  Induction time 
D)  Half-life 
E)  None of the above

Question 2

What is the significant clinical difference between esters and amides?

Accepted Answer

A)  Potential for allergic reactions 
B)  Cross-hypersensitivity 
C)  Lipid solubility 
D)  Drug potency 
A)  Potential for allergic reactions 
B)  Cross-hypersensitivity 
C)  Lipid solubility 
D)  Drug potency

Question 3

The rate of systemic absorption of local anesthetics depends on the total dose,concentration,route of administration,vascularity of tissues,and presence or absence of a vasoconstrictor.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 4

Based on Sam's physical symptoms,what should you consider?

Accepted Answer

A)  Sam is extremely relaxed,and his blood pressure medication is working. 
B)  Sam is extremely stressed. 
C)  Sam may be experiencing a mild overdose to the anesthetic. 
D)  Sam may be experiencing a cardiovascular crisis. 
A)  Sam is extremely relaxed,and his blood pressure medication is working. 
B)  Sam is extremely stressed. 
C)  Sam may be experiencing a mild overdose to the anesthetic. 
D)  Sam may be experiencing a cardiovascular crisis.

Question 5

The most potent local anesthetic is bupivacaine,which has the greatest degree of lipid solubility.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 6

Local anesthetics affect the CNS and CVS after biotransformation.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 7

What does the specific protein receptor theory of the action of local anesthetics suggest?

Accepted Answer

A)  The specific protein receptor theory suggests that anesthetics that are highly lipid soluble cause the lipoprotein matrix of the nerve membrane to expand,narrowing the sodium channels,thus preventing depolarization. 
B)  The method by which the impulses travel down the length of the nerve affects whether nodes of Ranvier are stimulated or not. 
C)  Displaced Ca++ and local anesthetic drugs compete to bind to receptor sites within the ion channels of cell membranes. 
D)  All options listed. 
A)  The specific protein receptor theory suggests that anesthetics that are highly lipid soluble cause the lipoprotein matrix of the nerve membrane to expand,narrowing the sodium channels,thus preventing depolarization. 
B)  The method by which the impulses travel down the length of the nerve affects whether nodes of Ranvier are stimulated or not. 
C)  Displaced Ca++ and local anesthetic drugs compete to bind to receptor sites within the ion channels of cell membranes. 
D)  All options listed.

Question 8

Tachyphylaxis is a term used to describe what phenomenon?

Accepted Answer

A)  An increased tolerance to a drug that is administered repeatedly. 
B)  If the dental procedure lasts longer than the duration of the anesthetic and the mantel and core fibers have fully recovered,the reinjection of local anesthetic will be ineffective. 
C)  Once the mantel fibers return to function,the patient experiences pain,yet administration of anesthetic does not alleviate the pain. 
D)  All options listed 
A)  An increased tolerance to a drug that is administered repeatedly. 
B)  If the dental procedure lasts longer than the duration of the anesthetic and the mantel and core fibers have fully recovered,the reinjection of local anesthetic will be ineffective. 
C)  Once the mantel fibers return to function,the patient experiences pain,yet administration of anesthetic does not alleviate the pain. 
D)  All options listed

Question 9

What is the inability to hydrolyze ester local anesthetics and other chemically related drugs called?

Accepted Answer

A)  Atypical pseudocholinesterase 
B)  Low hepatic dysfunction 
C)  Para-aminobenzoic acid intolerance 
D)  None of the above 
A)  Atypical pseudocholinesterase 
B)  Low hepatic dysfunction 
C)  Para-aminobenzoic acid intolerance 
D)  None of the above

Question 10

Why do you think Sam's blood pressure decreased from the beginning of the appointment?

Accepted Answer

A)  Sam became more comfortable during the appointment. 
B)  Symptoms of a CNS and CVS overdose are biphasic. 
C)  Symptoms of a possible overdose change from a stimulation phase to a depression phase. 
D)  All options listed 
A)  Sam became more comfortable during the appointment. 
B)  Symptoms of a CNS and CVS overdose are biphasic. 
C)  Symptoms of a possible overdose change from a stimulation phase to a depression phase. 
D)  All options listed

Question 11

What characteristic of local anesthetic drugs determines the speed of nerve recovery?

Accepted Answer

A)  The concentration of the local anesthetic 
B)  The degree of lipid solubility 
C)  The degree of protein binding 
D)  The nonnervous tissue diffusibility 
A)  The concentration of the local anesthetic 
B)  The degree of lipid solubility 
C)  The degree of protein binding 
D)  The nonnervous tissue diffusibility

Question 12

Prilocaine is biotransformed in the liver only.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 13

Dissociation constant refers to which of the following descriptions?

Accepted Answer

A)  Determines the portion of administered anesthetic dose in the lipid-soluble state (RN) 
B)  Determines the onset of anesthetic action as the increase of molecules crossing the nerve membrane decreases the time of the anesthetic's onset 
C)  The pH at which 50% of the molecules exist in the lipid-soluble form and 50% in the water-soluble form 
D)  All options listed 
A)  Determines the portion of administered anesthetic dose in the lipid-soluble state (RN) 
B)  Determines the onset of anesthetic action as the increase of molecules crossing the nerve membrane decreases the time of the anesthetic's onset 
C)  The pH at which 50% of the molecules exist in the lipid-soluble form and 50% in the water-soluble form 
D)  All options listed

Question 14

Considering Sam's health history,what anesthetic drug may have been a better choice?

Accepted Answer

A)  Procaine 
B)  Articaine with epinephrine 
C)  Lidocaine 
D)  Mepivacaine 
A)  Procaine 
B)  Articaine with epinephrine 
C)  Lidocaine 
D)  Mepivacaine

Question 15

What is another name for the elimination of the local anesthetic from the blood and tissues?

Accepted Answer

A)  Tachyphylaxis 
B)  Dissociation constant 
C)  Half-life 
D)  Distribution barriers 
A)  Tachyphylaxis 
B)  Dissociation constant 
C)  Half-life 
D)  Distribution barriers

Question 16

What factor/factors determine the severity of an overdose reaction to local anesthetic?

Accepted Answer

A)  Degree of drop in blood pressure 
B)  Time lapse between the administering of the local anesthetic to the overdose 
C)  Number of symptoms patient experiences 
D)  All options listed 
A)  Degree of drop in blood pressure 
B)  Time lapse between the administering of the local anesthetic to the overdose 
C)  Number of symptoms patient experiences 
D)  All options listed

Question 17

Which anesthetic drug has a short half-life of 45 minutes and is the least toxic of the anesthetics?

Accepted Answer

A)  Articaine 
B)  Lidocaine 
C)  Mepivacaine 
D)  Prilocaine 
A)  Articaine 
B)  Lidocaine 
C)  Mepivacaine 
D)  Prilocaine

Question 18

Adding vasoconstrictor to local anesthetics can result in reduced systemic toxicity and increased duration of anesthetic because the vasoconstrictor reduces the rate of absorption.

Accepted Answer

A)  Both the statement and reason are correct and related. 
B)  Both the statement and reason are correct but NOT related. 
C)  The statement is correct,but the reason is NOT. 
D)  The statement is NOT correct,but the reason is correct. 
E)  NEITHER the statement NOR the reason is correct. 
A)  Both the statement and reason are correct and related. 
B)  Both the statement and reason are correct but NOT related. 
C)  The statement is correct,but the reason is NOT. 
D)  The statement is NOT correct,but the reason is correct. 
E)  NEITHER the statement NOR the reason is correct.

Question 19

Ester local anesthetics have a high probability of producing an allergic reaction compared to amide local anesthetics.A patient who has an allergic reaction to one ester agent is likely to experience hypersensitivity to all ester anesthetics.

Accepted Answer

A)  Both statements are true. 
B)  Both statements are false. 
C)  The first statement is true;the second statement is false. 
D)  The first statement is false;the second statement is true. 
A)  Both statements are true. 
B)  Both statements are false. 
C)  The first statement is true;the second statement is false. 
D)  The first statement is false;the second statement is true.

The time interval between the initial deposition of the anesthetic solution at the nerve site and complete conduction blockade is referred to as the:

What is the significant clinical difference between esters and amides?

The rate of systemic absorption of local anesthetics depends on the total dose,concentration,route of administration,vascularity of tissues,and presence or absence of a vasoconstrictor.

Based on Sam's physical symptoms,what should you consider?

The most potent local anesthetic is bupivacaine,which has the greatest degree of lipid solubility.

Local anesthetics affect the CNS and CVS after biotransformation.

What does the specific protein receptor theory of the action of local anesthetics suggest?

Tachyphylaxis is a term used to describe what phenomenon?

What is the inability to hydrolyze ester local anesthetics and other chemically related drugs called?

Why do you think Sam's blood pressure decreased from the beginning of the appointment?

What characteristic of local anesthetic drugs determines the speed of nerve recovery?

Prilocaine is biotransformed in the liver only.

Dissociation constant refers to which of the following descriptions?

Considering Sam's health history,what anesthetic drug may have been a better choice?

What is another name for the elimination of the local anesthetic from the blood and tissues?

What factor/factors determine the severity of an overdose reaction to local anesthetic?

Which anesthetic drug has a short half-life of 45 minutes and is the least toxic of the anesthetics?

Adding vasoconstrictor to local anesthetics can result in reduced systemic toxicity and increased duration of anesthetic because the vasoconstrictor reduces the rate of absorption.

Ester local anesthetics have a high probability of producing an allergic reaction compared to amide local anesthetics.A patient who has an allergic reaction to one ester agent is likely to experience hypersensitivity to all ester anesthetics.

Local Anesthesia in Dental Hygiene Practice: an Introduction

Neurophysiology

Pharmacology of Vasoconstrictors

Local Anesthetic Agents

Topical Anesthetic Agents

Preanesthetic Assessment

Determining Drug Doses

Armamentariumsyringe Preparation

Anatomic Considerations for the Administration of Local Anesthesia

Basic Injection Techniques

Maxillary Anesthesia

Mandibular Anesthesia

Local Anesthesia for the Child and Adolescent

Local Anesthetic Complications

Legal Considerations and Risk Management

Filters

Exam 3: Pharmacology of Local Anesthetic Agents

The time interval between the initial deposition of the anesthetic solution at the nerve site and complete conduction blockade is referred to as the:

What is the significant clinical difference between esters and amides?

The rate of systemic absorption of local anesthetics depends on the total dose,concentration,route of administration,vascularity of tissues,and presence or absence of a vasoconstrictor.

Based on Sam's physical symptoms,what should you consider?

The most potent local anesthetic is bupivacaine,which has the greatest degree of lipid solubility.

Local anesthetics affect the CNS and CVS after biotransformation.

What does the specific protein receptor theory of the action of local anesthetics suggest?

Tachyphylaxis is a term used to describe what phenomenon?

What is the inability to hydrolyze ester local anesthetics and other chemically related drugs called?

Why do you think Sam's blood pressure decreased from the beginning of the appointment?

What characteristic of local anesthetic drugs determines the speed of nerve recovery?

Prilocaine is biotransformed in the liver only.

Dissociation constant refers to which of the following descriptions?

Considering Sam's health history,what anesthetic drug may have been a better choice?

What is another name for the elimination of the local anesthetic from the blood and tissues?

What factor/factors determine the severity of an overdose reaction to local anesthetic?

Which anesthetic drug has a short half-life of 45 minutes and is the least toxic of the anesthetics?

Adding vasoconstrictor to local anesthetics can result in reduced systemic toxicity and increased duration of anesthetic because the vasoconstrictor reduces the rate of absorption.

Ester local anesthetics have a high probability of producing an allergic reaction compared to amide local anesthetics.A patient who has an allergic reaction to one ester agent is likely to experience hypersensitivity to all ester anesthetics.

Local Anesthesia in Dental Hygiene Practice: an Introduction

Neurophysiology

Pharmacology of Vasoconstrictors

Local Anesthetic Agents

Topical Anesthetic Agents

Preanesthetic Assessment

Determining Drug Doses

Armamentariumsyringe Preparation

Anatomic Considerations for the Administration of Local Anesthesia

Basic Injection Techniques

Maxillary Anesthesia

Mandibular Anesthesia

Local Anesthesia for the Child and Adolescent

Local Anesthetic Complications

Legal Considerations and Risk Management

Filters