Question 1

What is being administered when a nurse hangs an IV bag with Na+, K+, and Cl-?

Accepted Answer

A)  Nutrients 
B)  Electrolytes 
C)  Enzymes 
D)  Vitamins 
A)  Nutrients 
B)  Electrolytes 
C)  Enzymes 
D)  Vitamins B

Question 2

Each compartment of the body has a water-fluid distribution movement of its own.What is the process allowing these fluids to move and distribute themselves among compartments?

Accepted Answer

A)  Active transport 
B)  Diffusion 
C)  Filtration 
D)  Osmosis 
A)  Active transport 
B)  Diffusion 
C)  Filtration 
D)  Osmosis D

Question 3

What should treatment focus on when a patient is hypovolemic?

Accepted Answer

A)  Extracellular fluid deficit and limiting drinking water 
B)  Hypertonic intracellular deficit and limiting water intake 
C)  Extracellular fluid deficit and encouraging fluid intake 
D)  Circulatory system hormone deficit and limiting water intake 
A)  Extracellular fluid deficit and limiting drinking water 
B)  Hypertonic intracellular deficit and limiting water intake 
C)  Extracellular fluid deficit and encouraging fluid intake 
D)  Circulatory system hormone deficit and limiting water intake C

Question 4

What primarily maintains extracellular fluid osmolarity?

Accepted Answer

A)  Chloride 
B)  Magnesium 
C)  Potassium 
D)  Sodium 
A)  Chloride 
B)  Magnesium 
C)  Potassium 
D)  Sodium

Question 5

How does the healthy kidney adjust the volume and composition of filtrate that prevents excessive fluid loss?

Accepted Answer

A)  Active transport 
B)  Filtration in the lymphatic system 
C)  Secretion of adrenalin 
D)  Tubular reabsorption 
A)  Active transport 
B)  Filtration in the lymphatic system 
C)  Secretion of adrenalin 
D)  Tubular reabsorption

Question 6

What process occurs when oxygen is directed out of the arteries and into the capillaries?

Accepted Answer

A)  Active transport 
B)  Diffusion 
C)  Filtration 
D)  Osmosis 
A)  Active transport 
B)  Diffusion 
C)  Filtration 
D)  Osmosis

Question 7

For what compensatory condition should the nurse carefully assess when the patient with metabolic acidosis is hyperventilating?

Accepted Answer

A)  Metabolic alkalosis 
B)  Respiratory acidosis 
C)  Respiratory alkalosis 
D)  Thyroid imbalances 
A)  Metabolic alkalosis 
B)  Respiratory acidosis 
C)  Respiratory alkalosis 
D)  Thyroid imbalances

Question 8

The K+ laboratory report shows a level of 5.2 mEq/L.What is the most important assessment for the nurse to make?

Accepted Answer

A)  Excessive thirst 
B)  Irregular heartbeat 
C)  Swelling of ankles 
D)  Frightening hallucinations 
A)  Excessive thirst 
B)  Irregular heartbeat 
C)  Swelling of ankles 
D)  Frightening hallucinations

Question 9

A nurse assesses that a patient's urine has become much more concentrated.What is the most likely cause for the change?

Accepted Answer

A)  Adrenaline 
B)  Aldosterone 
C)  Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) 
D)  Insulin 
A)  Adrenaline 
B)  Aldosterone 
C)  Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) 
D)  Insulin

Question 10

A nurse evaluates the laboratory reports on electrolyte values carefully to assess the balance between positive and negative ions.What is responsible for the regulation of this process?

Accepted Answer

A)  Adaptation 
B)  Diffusion 
C)  Homeostasis 
D)  Osmosis 
A)  Adaptation 
B)  Diffusion 
C)  Homeostasis 
D)  Osmosis

Question 11

A nurse cautions a group of high school athletes about fluid loss in hot, dry weather, because the normal loss from respiration, which is 300 to _____ mL/day, is doubled.

Accepted Answer

The answer of A nurse cautions a group of high...

Question 12

A nurse assesses deep-rapid respirations in a patient with metabolic acidosis to be an indicator of the homeostatic system at work to reduce the __________ level.(Do not abbreviate your answer.)

Accepted Answer

The answer of A nurse assesses deep-rapid respirations in a...

Question 13

A patient has renal damage because of diabetes.What is the highest risk for this patient?

Accepted Answer

A)  Hypercalcemia 
B)  Hypocalcemia 
C)  Hyperkalemia 
D)  Hypokalemia 
A)  Hypercalcemia 
B)  Hypocalcemia 
C)  Hyperkalemia 
D)  Hypokalemia

Question 14

A small child is hospitalized with severe metabolic acidosis after ingesting a whole bottle of baby aspirin approximately 8 hours earlier.In addition to providing reassurance to the patient, which nursing action is the most appropriate?

Accepted Answer

A)  Providing IV treatments as ordered but without sodium bicarbonate 
B)  Frequently assessing the mental and neurologic status 
C)  Taking daily weights and vital signs 
D)  Inducing vomiting 
A)  Providing IV treatments as ordered but without sodium bicarbonate 
B)  Frequently assessing the mental and neurologic status 
C)  Taking daily weights and vital signs 
D)  Inducing vomiting

Question 15

A patient is frequently thirsty.To what should the nurse attribute this symptom?

Accepted Answer

A)  Too much sodium and too much water in the body 
B)  Too little sodium and too much water in the body 
C)  Too much sodium and too little water in the body 
D)  Too little sodium and too little water in the body 
A)  Too much sodium and too much water in the body 
B)  Too little sodium and too much water in the body 
C)  Too much sodium and too little water in the body 
D)  Too little sodium and too little water in the body

Question 16

A nurse assesses that a patient with congestive heart failure who is being treated with a diuretic has lost 4.4 lb in 1 day.This weight loss is equivalent to the loss of ____ L of fluid.

Accepted Answer

The answer of A nurse assesses that a patient with...

Question 17

A licensed practical/vocational nurse (LPN/LVN)is preparing to add a new IV of 5% dextrose in water (D5W)with potassium (K+)to an existing line.The LPN/LVN notices that only 25 mL of urine has been collected over the past hour.What is the most appropriate nursing intervention?

Accepted Answer

A)  Avoid hanging the IV with K+ and inform the registered nurse (RN)of the urine output. 
B)  Run the IV rapidly for 30 minutes to stimulate urine production. 
C)  Call the physician who ordered the K+. 
D)  Hang the IV as ordered and chart the output. 
A)  Avoid hanging the IV with K+ and inform the registered nurse (RN)of the urine output. 
B)  Run the IV rapidly for 30 minutes to stimulate urine production. 
C)  Call the physician who ordered the K+. 
D)  Hang the IV as ordered and chart the output.

Question 18

What is usually associated with hyperchloremia?

Accepted Answer

A)  Metabolic acidosis 
B)  Metabolic alkalosis 
C)  Respiratory acidosis 
D)  Respiratory alkalosis 
A)  Metabolic acidosis 
B)  Metabolic alkalosis 
C)  Respiratory acidosis 
D)  Respiratory alkalosis

Question 19

What is primarily responsible for carrying fluids with nutrients and wastes on a random basis throughout the body?

Accepted Answer

A)  Filtrates 
B)  Extracellular fluid 
C)  Intracellular fluid 
D)  Osmolytes 
A)  Filtrates 
B)  Extracellular fluid 
C)  Intracellular fluid 
D)  Osmolytes

Question 20

A nurse understands that fluid balance is mainly monitored in the body by which two systems?

Accepted Answer

A)  Circulatory and renal 
B)  Respiratory and circulatory 
C)  Renal and gastrointestinal 
D)  Hepatic and lymphatic 
A)  Circulatory and renal 
B)  Respiratory and circulatory 
C)  Renal and gastrointestinal 
D)  Hepatic and lymphatic

Exam 6: Fluid, Electrolyte, and Acidbase Imbalance

What is being administered when a nurse hangs an IV bag with Na+, K+, and Cl-?

Each compartment of the body has a water-fluid distribution movement of its own.What is the process allowing these fluids to move and distribute themselves among compartments?

What should treatment focus on when a patient is hypovolemic?

What primarily maintains extracellular fluid osmolarity?

How does the healthy kidney adjust the volume and composition of filtrate that prevents excessive fluid loss?

What process occurs when oxygen is directed out of the arteries and into the capillaries?

For what compensatory condition should the nurse carefully assess when the patient with metabolic acidosis is hyperventilating?

The K+ laboratory report shows a level of 5.2 mEq/L.What is the most important assessment for the nurse to make?

A nurse assesses that a patient's urine has become much more concentrated.What is the most likely cause for the change?

A nurse evaluates the laboratory reports on electrolyte values carefully to assess the balance between positive and negative ions.What is responsible for the regulation of this process?

A nurse cautions a group of high school athletes about fluid loss in hot, dry weather, because the normal loss from respiration, which is 300 to _____ mL/day, is doubled.

A nurse assesses deep-rapid respirations in a patient with metabolic acidosis to be an indicator of the homeostatic system at work to reduce the __________ level.(Do not abbreviate your answer.)

A patient has renal damage because of diabetes.What is the highest risk for this patient?

A small child is hospitalized with severe metabolic acidosis after ingesting a whole bottle of baby aspirin approximately 8 hours earlier.In addition to providing reassurance to the patient, which nursing action is the most appropriate?

A patient is frequently thirsty.To what should the nurse attribute this symptom?

A nurse assesses that a patient with congestive heart failure who is being treated with a diuretic has lost 4.4 lb in 1 day.This weight loss is equivalent to the loss of ____ L of fluid.

A licensed practical/vocational nurse (LPN/LVN)is preparing to add a new IV of 5% dextrose in water (D5W)with potassium (K+)to an existing line.The LPN/LVN notices that only 25 mL of urine has been collected over the past hour.What is the most appropriate nursing intervention?

What is usually associated with hyperchloremia?

What is primarily responsible for carrying fluids with nutrients and wastes on a random basis throughout the body?

A nurse understands that fluid balance is mainly monitored in the body by which two systems?

Aspects of Medical-Surgical Nursing

Medical-Surgical Practice Settings

Medical-Surgical Patients: Individuals, Families, and Communities

Health, Illness, Stress, and Coping

Immunity, Inflammation, and Infection

The Patient With Cancer

Pain

Shock

The Older Adult Patient

Falls

Immobility

Delirium and Dementia

Incontinence

Nutrition

Intravenous Therapy

Surgery

The Patient With an Ostomy

Palliative and Hospice Care

Complementary and Alternative Therapies

Neurologic System Introduction

Neurologic Disorders

Cerebrovascular Accident

Spinal Cord Injury

Respiratory System Introduction

Upper Respiratory Disorders

Acute Lower Respiratory Tract Disorders

Chronic Lower Respiratory Tract Disorders

Hematologic System Introduction

Hematologic Disorders

Immunologic System Introduction

Immunologic Disorders

Cardiovascular System Introduction

Cardiac Disorders

Vascular Disorders

Hypertension

Digestive System Introduction

Upper Digestive Tract Disorders

Lower Digestive Tract Disorders

Liver, Gallbladder, and Pancreatic Disorders

Urologic System Introduction

Urologic Disorders

Musculoskeletal System Introduction

Connective Tissue Disorders

Fractures

Amputations

Endocrine System Introduction

Pituitary and Adrenal Disorders

Thyroid and Parathyroid Disorders

Diabetes and Hypoglycemia

Female Reproductive System Introduction

Female Reproductive Disorders

Male Reproductive System Introduction

Male Reproductive Disorders

Sexually Transmitted Infections

Integumentary System Introduction

Skin Disorders

Special Senses Introduction

Eye and Vision Disorders

Ear and Hearing Disorders

What is being administered when a nurse hangs an IV bag with Na⁺, K⁺, and Cl^-?

The K⁺ laboratory report shows a level of 5.2 mEq/L.What is the most important assessment for the nurse to make?

A licensed practical/vocational nurse (LPN/LVN)is preparing to add a new IV of 5% dextrose in water (D₅W)with potassium (K⁺)to an existing line.The LPN/LVN notices that only 25 mL of urine has been collected over the past hour.What is the most appropriate nursing intervention?