Question 1

People with a negative cognitive style are sometimes described as having a(n)__________ to depression.

Accepted Answer

A)  environmental diathesis 
B)  triadic gestalt 
C)  cognitive vulnerability 
D)  behavioral pathway 
A)  environmental diathesis 
B)  triadic gestalt 
C)  cognitive vulnerability 
D)  behavioral pathway

Question 2

According to a research study described in your textbook, in which of the following categories did men recall more events than women?

Accepted Answer

A)  Personal experiences from the past three years 
B)  Personal experiences from the past year 
C)  Personal experiences from the past week 
D)  Historical events 
A)  Personal experiences from the past three years 
B)  Personal experiences from the past year 
C)  Personal experiences from the past week 
D)  Historical events

Question 3

How do men and women differ in their emotional memories and the kinds of information they process more rapidly? Give an example of your own of an independent self-construal and an interdependent self-construal. How do the genders differ in these cognitive representations of the self?

Accepted Answer

Men and women differ in their emotional

Question 4

How does the negative (depressive) schema work? Explain how negative thoughts are related to depressing feelings and contrast the outlook on life between most normal people and depressed individuals.

Accepted Answer

The negative (depressive) schema works b

Question 5

The cognitive approach to personality suggests that negative thoughts can

Accepted Answer

A)  be a symptom of depression. 
B)  cause depression. 
C)  be the result of changes in brain receptors. 
D)  be more slowly processed. 
A)  be a symptom of depression. 
B)  cause depression. 
C)  be the result of changes in brain receptors. 
D)  be more slowly processed.

Question 6

Depressed patients in one study were asked to recall personal experiences associated with words from a list. The researchers found patients were more likely to recall unhappy experiences when feeling particularly depressed. This finding supports which concept?

Accepted Answer

A)  Learned helplessness 
B)  Negative schema 
C)  Explanatory style 
D)  Locus of control 
A)  Learned helplessness 
B)  Negative schema 
C)  Explanatory style 
D)  Locus of control

Question 7

The cognitive approach maintains that negative life experiences alone are sufficient to produce depression

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 8

Researchers find that depressed people recall depression-related words better than nondepressed people. This finding is used to support which concept?

Accepted Answer

A)  Learned helplessness 
B)  Depressive schema 
C)  Explanatory style 
D)  Locus of control 
A)  Learned helplessness 
B)  Depressive schema 
C)  Explanatory style 
D)  Locus of control

Question 9

In a study in which researcher presented a series of hypothetical situations to boys, those with a history of reactive aggression

Accepted Answer

A)  were more likely to perceive actions as intentional or hostile. 
B)  suppressed their tendency toward aggression. 
C)  learned how to cope with the feelings of hostility. 
D)  hardly ever had aggressive thoughts related to the situations. 
A)  were more likely to perceive actions as intentional or hostile. 
B)  suppressed their tendency toward aggression. 
C)  learned how to cope with the feelings of hostility. 
D)  hardly ever had aggressive thoughts related to the situations.

Question 10

Define negative cognitive style and whether the research evidence points to it as a cause of depression or a symptom of it. Indicate the usefulness of studying the negative cognitive styles of students.

Accepted Answer

Negative cognitive style refers to a pat

Question 11

Among the personal factors, cognitive psychologists consider when predicting aggressive behavior, which of the following is typically included?

Accepted Answer

A)  The provocative situation 
B)  Genetic predisposition to aggression 
C)  The ego defense mechanisms the person uses 
D)  Visual cues in the environment. 
A)  The provocative situation 
B)  Genetic predisposition to aggression 
C)  The ego defense mechanisms the person uses 
D)  Visual cues in the environment.

Question 12

Research comparing the memories of men and women tend to find that

Accepted Answer

A)  men recall more information than women. 
B)  women recall more information than men. 
C)  women recall more information about emotions, but there was no gender difference for nonemotional information. 
D)  men recall more information about their relationships, whereas women recall more information about emotions. 
A)  men recall more information than women. 
B)  women recall more information than men. 
C)  women recall more information about emotions, but there was no gender difference for nonemotional information. 
D)  men recall more information about their relationships, whereas women recall more information about emotions.

Question 13

Aggressive scripts that have been practiced are the most likely to be ignored first.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 14

Studies find that women tend to recall more information about_______________ than do men.

Accepted Answer

A)  American history 
B)  emotional experiences 
C)  their childhood 
D)  important issues 
A)  American history 
B)  emotional experiences 
C)  their childhood 
D)  important issues

Question 15

Which of the following do women tend to remember better than men?

Accepted Answer

A)  Information about relationships 
B)  Important dates 
C)  Names 
D)  Facts about American history 
A)  Information about relationships 
B)  Important dates 
C)  Names 
D)  Facts about American history

Question 16

When researchers ask men and women to write descriptions of themselves, women are more likely than men to include statements about

Accepted Answer

A)  negative impressions/feelings about themselves. 
B)  their roles as parents and family members. 
C)  their regrets for past decisions. 
D)  the career choices they have made, including opportunities that they passed up. 
A)  negative impressions/feelings about themselves. 
B)  their roles as parents and family members. 
C)  their regrets for past decisions. 
D)  the career choices they have made, including opportunities that they passed up.

Question 17

Obtaining a complete understanding of human personality requires that

Accepted Answer

A)  we focus on one or two specific approaches as a maximum. 
B)  we examine every aspect of personality from a biological perspective. 
C)  we focus our attention on the cognitive approach. 
D)  we examine personality from several different perspectives. 
A)  we focus on one or two specific approaches as a maximum. 
B)  we examine every aspect of personality from a biological perspective. 
C)  we focus our attention on the cognitive approach. 
D)  we examine personality from several different perspectives.

Question 18

Which of the following is false about emotional memories?

Accepted Answer

A)  The links between emotional memories are stronger for men than women. 
B)  Both happy and sad memories are more accessible for women than men. 
C)  Women attend to and process information about emotions more than men. 
D)  Recalling one sad experience is more likely to trigger another sad memory for women than for men. 
A)  The links between emotional memories are stronger for men than women. 
B)  Both happy and sad memories are more accessible for women than men. 
C)  Women attend to and process information about emotions more than men. 
D)  Recalling one sad experience is more likely to trigger another sad memory for women than for men.

Question 19

Depressed and nondepressed participants in one study were given a list of words to recall. The researchers found

Accepted Answer

A)  the nondepressed participants recalled more words. 
B)  the depressed participants recalled more words. 
C)  the depressed participants recalled more depression-related words, but the nondepressed participants recalled more of the other words. 
D)  differences between the two groups of participants only when the depressed participants knew what the researchers were looking for. 
A)  the nondepressed participants recalled more words. 
B)  the depressed participants recalled more words. 
C)  the depressed participants recalled more depression-related words, but the nondepressed participants recalled more of the other words. 
D)  differences between the two groups of participants only when the depressed participants knew what the researchers were looking for.

Question 20

Which of the following is true about aggressive scripts?

Accepted Answer

A)  They represent ways to act that have been learned. 
B)  We can learn them by watching aggressive models. 
C)  When they have been practiced, they are more likely to be acted out. 
D)  All of these are correct 
A)  They represent ways to act that have been learned. 
B)  We can learn them by watching aggressive models. 
C)  When they have been practiced, they are more likely to be acted out. 
D)  All of these are correct

People with a negative cognitive style are sometimes described as having a(n)__________ to depression.

According to a research study described in your textbook, in which of the following categories did men recall more events than women?

How do men and women differ in their emotional memories and the kinds of information they process more rapidly? Give an example of your own of an independent self-construal and an interdependent self-construal. How do the genders differ in these cognitive representations of the self?

How does the negative (depressive) schema work? Explain how negative thoughts are related to depressing feelings and contrast the outlook on life between most normal people and depressed individuals.

The cognitive approach to personality suggests that negative thoughts can

Depressed patients in one study were asked to recall personal experiences associated with words from a list. The researchers found patients were more likely to recall unhappy experiences when feeling particularly depressed. This finding supports which concept?

The cognitive approach maintains that negative life experiences alone are sufficient to produce depression

Researchers find that depressed people recall depression-related words better than nondepressed people. This finding is used to support which concept?

In a study in which researcher presented a series of hypothetical situations to boys, those with a history of reactive aggression

Define negative cognitive style and whether the research evidence points to it as a cause of depression or a symptom of it. Indicate the usefulness of studying the negative cognitive styles of students.

Among the personal factors, cognitive psychologists consider when predicting aggressive behavior, which of the following is typically included?

Research comparing the memories of men and women tend to find that

Aggressive scripts that have been practiced are the most likely to be ignored first.

Studies find that women tend to recall more information about_______________ than do men.

Which of the following do women tend to remember better than men?

When researchers ask men and women to write descriptions of themselves, women are more likely than men to include statements about

Obtaining a complete understanding of human personality requires that

Which of the following is false about emotional memories?

Depressed and nondepressed participants in one study were given a list of words to recall. The researchers found

Which of the following is true about aggressive scripts?

What Is Personality

Personality Research Methods

The Psychoanalytic Approach: Freudian Theory, Application, and Assessment

The Freudian Approach: Relevant Research

The Psychoanalytic Approach: Neo-Freudian Theory, Application, and Assessment

The Neo-Freudian Theories: Relevant Research

The Trait Approach: Theory, Application, and Assessment

The Trait Approach: Relevant Research

The Biological Approach: Theory, Application, and Assessment

The Biological Approach: Relevant Research

The Humanistic Approach: Theory, Application, and Assessment

The Humanistic Approach: Relevant Research

The Behavioralsocial Learning Approach: Theory, Application, and Assessment

The Behavioral Social Learning Approach: Relevant Research

The Cognitive Approach: Theory, Application, and Assessment

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Exam 16: The Cognitive Approach: Relevant Research Appendix: Your Personality Glossary

People with a negative cognitive style are sometimes described as having a(n)__________ to depression.

According to a research study described in your textbook, in which of the following categories did men recall more events than women?

How do men and women differ in their emotional memories and the kinds of information they process more rapidly? Give an example of your own of an independent self-construal and an interdependent self-construal. How do the genders differ in these cognitive representations of the self?

How does the negative (depressive) schema work? Explain how negative thoughts are related to depressing feelings and contrast the outlook on life between most normal people and depressed individuals.

The cognitive approach to personality suggests that negative thoughts can

Depressed patients in one study were asked to recall personal experiences associated with words from a list. The researchers found patients were more likely to recall unhappy experiences when feeling particularly depressed. This finding supports which concept?

The cognitive approach maintains that negative life experiences alone are sufficient to produce depression

Researchers find that depressed people recall depression-related words better than nondepressed people. This finding is used to support which concept?

In a study in which researcher presented a series of hypothetical situations to boys, those with a history of reactive aggression

Define negative cognitive style and whether the research evidence points to it as a cause of depression or a symptom of it. Indicate the usefulness of studying the negative cognitive styles of students.

Among the personal factors, cognitive psychologists consider when predicting aggressive behavior, which of the following is typically included?

Research comparing the memories of men and women tend to find that

Aggressive scripts that have been practiced are the most likely to be ignored first.

Studies find that women tend to recall more information about_______________ than do men.

Which of the following do women tend to remember better than men?

When researchers ask men and women to write descriptions of themselves, women are more likely than men to include statements about

Obtaining a complete understanding of human personality requires that

Which of the following is false about emotional memories?

Depressed and nondepressed participants in one study were given a list of words to recall. The researchers found

Which of the following is true about aggressive scripts?

What Is Personality

Personality Research Methods

The Psychoanalytic Approach: Freudian Theory, Application, and Assessment

The Freudian Approach: Relevant Research

The Psychoanalytic Approach: Neo-Freudian Theory, Application, and Assessment

The Neo-Freudian Theories: Relevant Research

The Trait Approach: Theory, Application, and Assessment

The Trait Approach: Relevant Research

The Biological Approach: Theory, Application, and Assessment

The Biological Approach: Relevant Research

The Humanistic Approach: Theory, Application, and Assessment

The Humanistic Approach: Relevant Research

The Behavioralsocial Learning Approach: Theory, Application, and Assessment

The Behavioral Social Learning Approach: Relevant Research

The Cognitive Approach: Theory, Application, and Assessment

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