Question 1

The neural circuit in fear / anxiety is believed to involve (from input to output):

Accepted Answer

A)  sensory systems; frontal cortex; adrenal cortex; brain stem / spinal cord 
B)  sensory systems; thalamus; amygdala; hypothalamus; midbrain; brain stem / spinal 
C)  thalamus; hippocampus; basal ganglia; hypothalamus; brain stem / spinal 
D)  thalamus; occipital cortex; association cortex; motor cortex; brain stem/spinal 
E)  thalamus; temporal cortex; association cortex; motor cortex; brain stem / spinal 
A)  sensory systems; frontal cortex; adrenal cortex; brain stem / spinal cord 
B)  sensory systems; thalamus; amygdala; hypothalamus; midbrain; brain stem / spinal 
C)  thalamus; hippocampus; basal ganglia; hypothalamus; brain stem / spinal 
D)  thalamus; occipital cortex; association cortex; motor cortex; brain stem/spinal 
E)  thalamus; temporal cortex; association cortex; motor cortex; brain stem / spinal

Question 2

In an experiment, students were asked to complete the sentence, "I hope _____ is in a car accident" by inserting a friend's name in the blank space and imagining that the situation had occurred. The finding was that the participants engaged in action to cancel the effects of writing the sentence. This was a demonstration of:

Accepted Answer

A)  thought action fusion. 
B)  intolerance of uncertainty. 
C)  obsessions. 
D)  fear of negative evaluation. 
E)  positive beliefs about worry. 
A)  thought action fusion. 
B)  intolerance of uncertainty. 
C)  obsessions. 
D)  fear of negative evaluation. 
E)  positive beliefs about worry.

Question 3

Cognitive factors involved in anxiety and anxiety-related disorders include:

Accepted Answer

A)  dysfunctional attitudes, beliefs and thinking abilities. 
B)  maladaptive attitudes, beliefs and interpretive biases. 
C)  maladaptive beliefs, schemas, attention and processing biases, and automatic thoughts. 
D)  over-exaggerations in terms of number and degree of threats to the self. 
E)  over-exaggerations only in terms of degree of threats to the self. 
A)  dysfunctional attitudes, beliefs and thinking abilities. 
B)  maladaptive attitudes, beliefs and interpretive biases. 
C)  maladaptive beliefs, schemas, attention and processing biases, and automatic thoughts. 
D)  over-exaggerations in terms of number and degree of threats to the self. 
E)  over-exaggerations only in terms of degree of threats to the self.

Question 4

Mythical and historical accounts of anxiety reactions date as far back as the existence of writing.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 5

According to the text, biological theories of anxiety emphasize all of the following except

Accepted Answer

A)  neuroanatomy. 
B)  structural brain damage. 
C)  family history. 
D)  neurotransmitters. 
E)  genetics. 
A)  neuroanatomy. 
B)  structural brain damage. 
C)  family history. 
D)  neurotransmitters. 
E)  genetics.

Question 6

Individuals who are susceptible to anxiety and anxiety-related disorders do not appear to have atypical beliefs about the self, but have been found to have a number of distorted beliefs about specific threats in the environment.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 7

Researchers hope to provide critical experimental tests of attachment vs. cognitive explanations of anxiety and anxiety-related disorders, since these approaches are incompatible.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 8

What is the two-factor theory? Give an example of how a fear could be acquired and maintained in the context of this theory.

Accepted Answer

Mowrer's theory proposes that fears are

Question 9

The theory behind Eye-Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing, a new method of treating anxiety and anxiety-related disorders is widely accepted.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 10

Mowrer's two-factor model of fear and phobias proposes that fears are acquired through classical conditioning but are maintained through operant conditioning.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 11

According to the Dugas, Gagnon, Ladouceur, and Freeston (1998) model of generalized anxiety disorder, which of the following is one of the key elements underlying the disorder?

Accepted Answer

A)  excessive amounts of catecholamines. 
B)  intolerance of uncertainty. 
C)  thought-action fusion. 
D)  poor interpersonal relations. 
E)  catastrophic misinterpretation of bodily arousal. 
A)  excessive amounts of catecholamines. 
B)  intolerance of uncertainty. 
C)  thought-action fusion. 
D)  poor interpersonal relations. 
E)  catastrophic misinterpretation of bodily arousal.

Question 12

Research shows that Eye-Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing, which includes exposure, is significantly more effective than exposure alone.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 13

Concerning the risk factors for the development of PTSD,__________ appear to be the most powerful predictors.

Accepted Answer

A)  childhood factors 
B)  interpersonal traumas 
C)  post-event factors 
D)  psychiatric histories 
E)  pre-event factors 
A)  childhood factors 
B)  interpersonal traumas 
C)  post-event factors 
D)  psychiatric histories 
E)  pre-event factors

Question 14

__________ are repetitive behaviours or cognitive acts performed in response to obsessions.

Accepted Answer

A)  repeats 
B)  checks 
C)  compulsions 
D)  reiterations 
E)  motor disturbances 
A)  repeats 
B)  checks 
C)  compulsions 
D)  reiterations 
E)  motor disturbances

Question 15

Heather avoids situations such as travelling far from home, being alone in or outside the home and going into crowded places. Judging from this description, which of the following terms best encapsulates her behaviour?

Accepted Answer

A)  Agoraphobia 
B)  Social anxiety disorder 
C)  Specific phobia 
D)  Panic attacks 
E)  Generalized anxiety 
A)  Agoraphobia 
B)  Social anxiety disorder 
C)  Specific phobia 
D)  Panic attacks 
E)  Generalized anxiety

Question 16

The idea that individuals with panic disorder catastrophically misinterpret their bodily sensations is most consistent with __________ theories of panic disorder.

Accepted Answer

A)  physiological-attribution 
B)  cognitive 
C)  physiological 
D)  biopsychological 
E)  bio-behavioral 
A)  physiological-attribution 
B)  cognitive 
C)  physiological 
D)  biopsychological 
E)  bio-behavioral

Question 17

Examples of obsessional themes include all of the following except:

Accepted Answer

A)  contamination 
B)  sexual 
C)  order/symmetry 
D)  worry 
E)  harm 
A)  contamination 
B)  sexual 
C)  order/symmetry 
D)  worry 
E)  harm

Question 18

Briefly define "specific phobia", and list the specifiers discussed in the DSM-5. How can a phobia be differentiated from regular fear experienced by many people?

Accepted Answer

A marked and persistent fear and avoidan

Question 19

The equipotentiality premise, as it applies to phobias, is widely accepted as true.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 20

What does Seligman's biological preparedness theory state? Has the evidence generally supported this theory?

Accepted Answer

Theory states that people and other orga

The neural circuit in fear / anxiety is believed to involve (from input to output):

Cognitive factors involved in anxiety and anxiety-related disorders include:

Mythical and historical accounts of anxiety reactions date as far back as the existence of writing.

According to the text, biological theories of anxiety emphasize all of the following except

Individuals who are susceptible to anxiety and anxiety-related disorders do not appear to have atypical beliefs about the self, but have been found to have a number of distorted beliefs about specific threats in the environment.

Researchers hope to provide critical experimental tests of attachment vs. cognitive explanations of anxiety and anxiety-related disorders, since these approaches are incompatible.

What is the two-factor theory? Give an example of how a fear could be acquired and maintained in the context of this theory.

The theory behind Eye-Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing, a new method of treating anxiety and anxiety-related disorders is widely accepted.

Mowrer's two-factor model of fear and phobias proposes that fears are acquired through classical conditioning but are maintained through operant conditioning.

According to the Dugas, Gagnon, Ladouceur, and Freeston (1998) model of generalized anxiety disorder, which of the following is one of the key elements underlying the disorder?

Research shows that Eye-Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing, which includes exposure, is significantly more effective than exposure alone.

Concerning the risk factors for the development of PTSD,__________ appear to be the most powerful predictors.

__________ are repetitive behaviours or cognitive acts performed in response to obsessions.

Heather avoids situations such as travelling far from home, being alone in or outside the home and going into crowded places. Judging from this description, which of the following terms best encapsulates her behaviour?

The idea that individuals with panic disorder catastrophically misinterpret their bodily sensations is most consistent with __________ theories of panic disorder.

Examples of obsessional themes include all of the following except:

Briefly define "specific phobia", and list the specifiers discussed in the DSM-5. How can a phobia be differentiated from regular fear experienced by many people?

The equipotentiality premise, as it applies to phobias, is widely accepted as true.

What does Seligman's biological preparedness theory state? Has the evidence generally supported this theory?

Concepts of Abnormality Throughout History

Theoretical Perspectives on Abnormal Behaviour

Classification and Diagnosis

Psychological Assessment and Research Methods

Dissociative Disorder and Somatic Symptom and Related Disorders

Psychological Factors Affecting Medical Conditions

Mood Disorders and Suicide

Schizophrenia Spectrum and Other Psychotic Disorders

Eating Disorders

Substance-Related and Addictive Disorders

The Personality Disorders

Sexual and Gender Identity Disorders

Neurodevelopmental Disorders

Behaviour and Emotional Disorders of Childhood and Adolescence

Aging and Mental Health

Therapies

Prevention and Mental Health Promotion in the Community

Mental Disorder and the Law

Filters

Exam 5: Anxiety, Obsessive-Compulsive, and Trauma -Related Disorders

The neural circuit in fear / anxiety is believed to involve (from input to output):

Cognitive factors involved in anxiety and anxiety-related disorders include:

Mythical and historical accounts of anxiety reactions date as far back as the existence of writing.

According to the text, biological theories of anxiety emphasize all of the following except

Individuals who are susceptible to anxiety and anxiety-related disorders do not appear to have atypical beliefs about the self, but have been found to have a number of distorted beliefs about specific threats in the environment.

Researchers hope to provide critical experimental tests of attachment vs. cognitive explanations of anxiety and anxiety-related disorders, since these approaches are incompatible.

What is the two-factor theory? Give an example of how a fear could be acquired and maintained in the context of this theory.

The theory behind Eye-Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing, a new method of treating anxiety and anxiety-related disorders is widely accepted.

Mowrer's two-factor model of fear and phobias proposes that fears are acquired through classical conditioning but are maintained through operant conditioning.

According to the Dugas, Gagnon, Ladouceur, and Freeston (1998) model of generalized anxiety disorder, which of the following is one of the key elements underlying the disorder?

Research shows that Eye-Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing, which includes exposure, is significantly more effective than exposure alone.

Concerning the risk factors for the development of PTSD,__________ appear to be the most powerful predictors.

__________ are repetitive behaviours or cognitive acts performed in response to obsessions.

Heather avoids situations such as travelling far from home, being alone in or outside the home and going into crowded places. Judging from this description, which of the following terms best encapsulates her behaviour?

The idea that individuals with panic disorder catastrophically misinterpret their bodily sensations is most consistent with __________ theories of panic disorder.

Examples of obsessional themes include all of the following except:

Briefly define "specific phobia", and list the specifiers discussed in the DSM-5. How can a phobia be differentiated from regular fear experienced by many people?

The equipotentiality premise, as it applies to phobias, is widely accepted as true.

What does Seligman's biological preparedness theory state? Has the evidence generally supported this theory?

Concepts of Abnormality Throughout History

Theoretical Perspectives on Abnormal Behaviour

Classification and Diagnosis

Psychological Assessment and Research Methods

Dissociative Disorder and Somatic Symptom and Related Disorders

Psychological Factors Affecting Medical Conditions

Mood Disorders and Suicide

Schizophrenia Spectrum and Other Psychotic Disorders

Eating Disorders

Substance-Related and Addictive Disorders

The Personality Disorders

Sexual and Gender Identity Disorders

Neurodevelopmental Disorders

Behaviour and Emotional Disorders of Childhood and Adolescence

Aging and Mental Health

Therapies

Prevention and Mental Health Promotion in the Community

Mental Disorder and the Law

Filters