Exam 7: the Bureaucracy

The town of Springfield has an extensive public transportation system that has grown steadily over time in response to the city's changing needs.However,the town council realizes that it is not as efficient as it might be.The town decides to hire a private company to run its bus service,because a private company has greater incentives to run the system efficiently.This is an example of ____________________.

Which country operates a national bureaucracy most similar to the current U.S.system of civil service?

Military officers often retire to work for defense contractors and interest groups that support the defense industry.Congressional committees dealing with national security often employ staff members who are retired from the military or have employment experience in private defense industries or interest groups.In the case of national defense,the relationships among the Department of Defense,congressional committees dealing with national security,and the defense industry and its interest groups may be described as a/an ____________________.

In the last twenty years national government has been under pressure to privatize,which refers to ____________________,and marketize,which means ____________________.

Which is a system of congressional oversight of federal agencies that consists of active monitoring of agencies by Congress through routine inspections?

Patronage appointments resulted in ____________________.

Which time period is NOT associated with an increase in the size of the federal bureaucracy?

The town of Springfield has an extensive public transportation system that has grown steadily over time in response to the city's changing needs.However,the town council realizes that it is not as efficient as it might be.The town council reviews data provided by the city's Department of Transportation and organizes an extensive re-routing of public buses in order to reduce costs and improve efficiency.This is an example of ____________________.

President Bartlett creates an agency dedicated to ensuring that all U.S.trading partners must meet strict labor standards or face stiff tariffs.He staffs the agency with experts in trade and economics to ensure that the standards make sense and are followed strictly.However,many of these experts believe that trade regulations are harmful,ultimately isolating countries and leading to poorer working conditions. Over time,agency employees' own beliefs take precedence,and they become more and more relaxed about enforcing standards and begin to decrease fines against countries that don't meet the president's labor standards.This is an example of ____________________.

How can bureaucrats who seek policy change advocate for it?

In order to carry out their jobs,what do bureaucrats usually want?

Discuss the historical development of the federal bureaucracy in the United States.What were its origins? When and why did it expand? How have the movements toward privatization and marketization influenced the bureaucracy in recent decades?

Upon whose orders do federal bureaucrats act?

Which is a federally owned corporation that generates revenue by providing a public service and is operated much like a private business with extensive autonomy from the president or Congress?

Employees of the Food and Drug Administration are in frequent contact with pharmaceutical company representatives,and over time these bureaucrats hear more and more stories from company representatives about people who are harmed because medications remain unavailable during the lengthy process of clinical trials.As more and more employees of the FDA become convinced that these harms must be addressed,the agency moves to shorten the length of required clinical trials,even though drugs may reach the market with more unknown and potential harmful side effects.This is an example of ____________________.

As the Orange County Soil and Water Commissioner,Greg performs several duties.He reviews reports on water quality,oversees funds for soil testing,and works with the local Parks Department to protect the watershed surrounding the local reservoir.Greg became the Soil and Water Commissioner after running a successful campaign to show voters that he has the expertise needed to carry out these tasks,including a background in environmental science.Is Greg a bureaucrat?

Chevron v.Natural Resources Defense Council established a legal standard for judicial review of ____________________.

Do "street-level" bureaucrats make policy decisions?

The Environmental Protection Agency is tasked with regulating the conduct of business corporations.To give the EPA more autonomy it is structured so that the president is limited in his or her ability to remove those leading the agencies.This level of oversight is typical of ____________________.

The president is creating a new agency tasked with restoring funding for music education in primary schools.Because this initiative has received a lot of publicity and will reflect on her administration in the upcoming election,the president wants to make sure those running the agency do not have too much independence.She therefore creates the initiative within the Department of Education and requires the initiative leaders to report to the Secretary of Education.This is an example of ____________________.