Exam 14: Social Psychology

The extent to which a behavior is the same whenever the presumed cause of the behavior is present affects our attributions of the behavior. This exemplifies ________.

Pete has a Ph.D. in the performing arts, but he has been working at odd jobs for years to barely survive. He has had little success as an actor and resents the fact that success has eluded him. He blames his failure on the fact that he is a heterosexual in what he believes is a homosexual-dominated business. His resentment has blossomed into a full-blown hatred of homosexuals. The development of Pete's prejudice is best explained by the ________ theory of prejudice.

Whenever a person has two contradictory cognitions at the same time, a state of ________ exists.

A stereotype is a special kind of schema.

The tendency for a person with stereotyped beliefs about a particular group of people to make internal attributions for their shortcomings and external attributions for their successes is known as the ________.

The most important factor in determining attraction is usually proximity.

One who is unjustly blamed and punished for problems he or she did not cause is a ________.

In long-term relationships, "opposites attract" is a correct statement, and "birds of a feather flock together" is generally incorrect.

Define deindividuation and explain its role in processes such as mob behavior.

The effectiveness of either a task-oriented leader or a relationship-oriented leader depends on factors such as the nature of the task and the leader's relationship with the group, according to the ________ model.

When Erika first met Bill, she found him to be very pleasant and likable. However, over the next few weeks she hears repeated stories of his rude and insensitive behavior toward others. In spite of that, she continues to view him as a nice person who is just "misunderstood." Her refusal to see that her initial impression of Bill was mistaken is most likely due to the ________.

Which of the following illustrates the power of complementary traits?

To the extent that a behavior occurs only when a particular event occurs, we tend to attribute the behavior to that event. This is an example of ________.

Summarize the research on attitude change, identifying at least four factors that influence the effectiveness of efforts to change people's attitudes.

We are most likely to help in an emergency ________.

A dealer persuades a customer to buy a new car by reducing the price to well below that of his competitors. Once the customer has agreed to buy the car, the dealer lowers the value of the trade-in and requires the purchase of expensive extra equipment. Now the car costs well above the current market rate. This is an example of the ________ procedure.

Beliefs or values that most members of a society accept as self-evident are ________.

It is generally better to present ________ when trying to change someone's opinion.

A noted scientist argues that the type of task being undertaken, the dynamics existing between the leader and the group, the leader's ability to exercise power over the group, and leadership style all contribute to the effectiveness of a leader. This scientist is a proponent of the ________ model.

Judgments about whether a behavior is more revealing about a person or a situation have been studied under the heading of ________.