Question 1

Descending tracts

Accepted Answer

A)  include the corticospinal tract. 
B)  contain axons of upper motor neurons that cross over to the other side of the spinal cord. 
C)  include the extrapyramidal tracts, which are involved in unconscious control of motor function. 
D)  contain upper motor neurons that modulate the activity of lower motor neurons. 
E)  have all of these properties. 
A)  include the corticospinal tract. 
B)  contain axons of upper motor neurons that cross over to the other side of the spinal cord. 
C)  include the extrapyramidal tracts, which are involved in unconscious control of motor function. 
D)  contain upper motor neurons that modulate the activity of lower motor neurons. 
E)  have all of these properties.

Question 2

The corpus callosum

Accepted Answer

A)  consists of a broad band of white tracts. 
B)  is found at the base of the longitudinal fissure. 
C)  is the largest of the commissures. 
D)  allows sensory information to be shared between the two cerebral hemispheres. 
E)  has all of these characteristics. 
A)  consists of a broad band of white tracts. 
B)  is found at the base of the longitudinal fissure. 
C)  is the largest of the commissures. 
D)  allows sensory information to be shared between the two cerebral hemispheres. 
E)  has all of these characteristics.

Question 3

The sympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system

Accepted Answer

A)  has postganglionic cell bodies in chain ganglia or collateral ganglia. 
B)  has preganglionic neurons in cranial nerves or sacral spinal nerves. 
C)  when stimulated, slows the heart rate and the respiration rate. 
D)  includes preganglionic neurons that secrete norepinephrine as their neurotransmitter. 
E)  has all of these characteristics. 
A)  has postganglionic cell bodies in chain ganglia or collateral ganglia. 
B)  has preganglionic neurons in cranial nerves or sacral spinal nerves. 
C)  when stimulated, slows the heart rate and the respiration rate. 
D)  includes preganglionic neurons that secrete norepinephrine as their neurotransmitter. 
E)  has all of these characteristics.

Question 4

Local potentials

Accepted Answer

A)  are propagated down the length of the axon 
B)  if strong enough, activate voltage gated channels to initiate and action potential. 
C)  are another name for action potentials 
D)  are produced by the brief influx of K+ from the neuron 
E)  are produced by the brief efflux of Na+ from the neuron 
A)  are propagated down the length of the axon 
B)  if strong enough, activate voltage gated channels to initiate and action potential. 
C)  are another name for action potentials 
D)  are produced by the brief influx of K+ from the neuron 
E)  are produced by the brief efflux of Na+ from the neuron

Question 5

The thickest and most superficial of the meninges is the

Accepted Answer

A)  pia mater. 
B)  arachnoid layer. 
C)  dura mater. 
D)  choroid plexus. 
E)  dural sinus. 
A)  pia mater. 
B)  arachnoid layer. 
C)  dura mater. 
D)  choroid plexus. 
E)  dural sinus.

Question 6

The posterior (dorsal) horns of the spinal cord contain

Accepted Answer

A)  sensory neurons. 
B)  motor neurons. 
C)  sympathetic autonomic neurons. 
D)  nerve tracts. 
E)  white matter. 
A)  sensory neurons. 
B)  motor neurons. 
C)  sympathetic autonomic neurons. 
D)  nerve tracts. 
E)  white matter.

Question 7

Evaluation of auditory and olfactory input, memory, abstract thought, and judgment are all associated with

Accepted Answer

A)  the temporal lobes. 
B)  the frontal lobes of cerebral cortex. 
C)  the parietal lobes of cerebral cortex. 
D)  the occipital lobes of the cerebral cortex. 
E)  the cerebellum. 
A)  the temporal lobes. 
B)  the frontal lobes of cerebral cortex. 
C)  the parietal lobes of cerebral cortex. 
D)  the occipital lobes of the cerebral cortex. 
E)  the cerebellum.

Question 8

-The letter A represents what structure on this figure of a neuron?

Accepted Answer

A)  dendrite 
B)  axon 
C)  axon hillock 
D)  Node of Ranvier 
E)  Schwann cell 
A)  dendrite 
B)  axon 
C)  axon hillock 
D)  Node of Ranvier 
E)  Schwann cell

Question 9

Cranial nerves may contain

Accepted Answer

A)  sensory (afferent) neurons. 
B)  motor (efferent) neurons. 
C)  parasympathetic (efferent) neurons. 
D)  any or all of these nerve cell types. 
A)  sensory (afferent) neurons. 
B)  motor (efferent) neurons. 
C)  parasympathetic (efferent) neurons. 
D)  any or all of these nerve cell types.

Question 10

Which of the following is not TRUE of K+ leak channels?

Accepted Answer

A)  are always open. 
B)  are 50 - 100 times more prevalent than Na+ leak channels. 
C)  have the greatest contribution to the resting potential of the cell. 
D)  are responsible for the depolarization phase of the action potential. 
E)  allow K+ ions to "leak" down their concentration gradient and out of the cell. 
A)  are always open. 
B)  are 50 - 100 times more prevalent than Na+ leak channels. 
C)  have the greatest contribution to the resting potential of the cell. 
D)  are responsible for the depolarization phase of the action potential. 
E)  allow K+ ions to "leak" down their concentration gradient and out of the cell.

Question 11

Which of the following represents the usual progression of brain activity in a normal person falling asleep?

Accepted Answer

A)  alpha waves dominate then transition to beta waves then comes a transition to theta waves 
B)  beta waves dominate then transition to alpha waves then comes a transition to delta waves 
C)  alpha waves dominate then transition to beta waves then comes a transition to delta waves 
D)  delta waves dominate then transition to alpha waves then comes a transition to theta waves 
E)  theta waves dominate then transition to alpha waves then comes a transition to beta waves 
A)  alpha waves dominate then transition to beta waves then comes a transition to theta waves 
B)  beta waves dominate then transition to alpha waves then comes a transition to delta waves 
C)  alpha waves dominate then transition to beta waves then comes a transition to delta waves 
D)  delta waves dominate then transition to alpha waves then comes a transition to theta waves 
E)  theta waves dominate then transition to alpha waves then comes a transition to beta waves

Question 12

Afferent fibers carrying general sensory input synapse in the _____, from where the information is relayed to the general sensory area.

Accepted Answer

A)  association areas 
B)  primary sensory areas 
C)  premotor area 
D)  prefrontal area 
E)  thalamus 
A)  association areas 
B)  primary sensory areas 
C)  premotor area 
D)  prefrontal area 
E)  thalamus

Question 13

Every morning Alessandra sits in a quiet room with her eyes closed and allows her brain to rest before the start of her busy work day. An EEG of her brain would most likely show a higher frequency of which of the following wave types?

Accepted Answer

A)  Alpha waves 
B)  Beta waves 
C)  Delta waves 
D)  Theta waves 
E)  Gamma waves 
A)  Alpha waves 
B)  Beta waves 
C)  Delta waves 
D)  Theta waves 
E)  Gamma waves

Question 14

The type of memory that is involved with the retaining of facts such as names or dates as well as associated emotional undertones is called:

Accepted Answer

A)  short term memory 
B)  declarative memory 
C)  procedural memory 
D)  implicit memory 
E)  working memory 
A)  short term memory 
B)  declarative memory 
C)  procedural memory 
D)  implicit memory 
E)  working memory

Question 15

Which of the following is NOT an essential component of a reflex arc?

Accepted Answer

A)  sensory receptor 
B)  afferent (sensory) neuron 
C)  spinal pathway 
D)  efferent (motor) neuron 
E)  effector organ 
A)  sensory receptor 
B)  afferent (sensory) neuron 
C)  spinal pathway 
D)  efferent (motor) neuron 
E)  effector organ

Question 16

Chemical substances released from the presynaptic terminal

Accepted Answer

A)  bind to receptors on the postsynaptic membrane. 
B)  may inhibit or stimulate an action potential in the postsynaptic membrane depending on the receptors. 
C)  are normally broken down by enzymes located in the synapse. 
D)  are called neurotransmitters. 
E)  have all of these properties. 
A)  bind to receptors on the postsynaptic membrane. 
B)  may inhibit or stimulate an action potential in the postsynaptic membrane depending on the receptors. 
C)  are normally broken down by enzymes located in the synapse. 
D)  are called neurotransmitters. 
E)  have all of these properties.

Question 17

Which type of cell has several dendrites and one axon? Most motor neurons fit into this classification.

Accepted Answer

A)  psuedo-unipolar neuron 
B)  Schwann cell 
C)  bipolar neuron 
D)  multipolar neuron 
E)  pyramidal cell 
A)  psuedo-unipolar neuron 
B)  Schwann cell 
C)  bipolar neuron 
D)  multipolar neuron 
E)  pyramidal cell

Question 18

The neuroglial cells that form a myelin sheath around axons are

Accepted Answer

A)  the microglia. 
B)  the ependymal cells. 
C)  the Schwann cells. 
D)  the oligodendrocytes. 
E)  both the Schwann cells and the oligodendrocytes. 
A)  the microglia. 
B)  the ependymal cells. 
C)  the Schwann cells. 
D)  the oligodendrocytes. 
E)  both the Schwann cells and the oligodendrocytes.

Question 19

The spinothalamic tracts of the spinal cord

Accepted Answer

A)  are descending tracts. 
B)  carry pain, temperature, and light touch sensations. 
C)  carry proprioceptive information. 
D)  have upper and lower motor neurons. 
E)  have all of these characteristics. 
A)  are descending tracts. 
B)  carry pain, temperature, and light touch sensations. 
C)  carry proprioceptive information. 
D)  have upper and lower motor neurons. 
E)  have all of these characteristics.

Question 20

Dorsal roots of the spinal cord

Accepted Answer

A)  have dorsal root ganglia. 
B)  have efferent nerve processes. 
C)  contain neurons that carry action potentials away from the spinal cord. 
D)  unite with other dorsal roots to form spinal nerves. 
E)  have all of these characteristics. 
A)  have dorsal root ganglia. 
B)  have efferent nerve processes. 
C)  contain neurons that carry action potentials away from the spinal cord. 
D)  unite with other dorsal roots to form spinal nerves. 
E)  have all of these characteristics.

Descending tracts

The corpus callosum

The sympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system

Local potentials

The thickest and most superficial of the meninges is the

The posterior (dorsal) horns of the spinal cord contain

Evaluation of auditory and olfactory input, memory, abstract thought, and judgment are all associated with

-The letter A represents what structure on this figure of a neuron?

Cranial nerves may contain

Which of the following is not TRUE of K⁺ leak channels?

Which of the following represents the usual progression of brain activity in a normal person falling asleep?

Afferent fibers carrying general sensory input synapse in the _____, from where the information is relayed to the general sensory area.

Every morning Alessandra sits in a quiet room with her eyes closed and allows her brain to rest before the start of her busy work day. An EEG of her brain would most likely show a higher frequency of which of the following wave types?

The type of memory that is involved with the retaining of facts such as names or dates as well as associated emotional undertones is called:

Which of the following is NOT an essential component of a reflex arc?

Chemical substances released from the presynaptic terminal

Which type of cell has several dendrites and one axon? Most motor neurons fit into this classification.

The neuroglial cells that form a myelin sheath around axons are

The spinothalamic tracts of the spinal cord

Dorsal roots of the spinal cord

The Human Organism

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Cell Structures and Their Functions

Tissuesasis of Life

Integumentary System

Skeletal System: Bones and Joints

Muscular System

Senses

Endocrine System

Blood

Heart

Blood Vessels and Circulation

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Exam 8: Nervous System

Descending tracts

The corpus callosum

The sympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system

Local potentials

The thickest and most superficial of the meninges is the

The posterior (dorsal) horns of the spinal cord contain

Evaluation of auditory and olfactory input, memory, abstract thought, and judgment are all associated with

-The letter A represents what structure on this figure of a neuron?

Cranial nerves may contain

Which of the following is not TRUE of K+ leak channels?

Which of the following represents the usual progression of brain activity in a normal person falling asleep?

Afferent fibers carrying general sensory input synapse in the _____, from where the information is relayed to the general sensory area.

Every morning Alessandra sits in a quiet room with her eyes closed and allows her brain to rest before the start of her busy work day. An EEG of her brain would most likely show a higher frequency of which of the following wave types?

The type of memory that is involved with the retaining of facts such as names or dates as well as associated emotional undertones is called:

Which of the following is NOT an essential component of a reflex arc?

Chemical substances released from the presynaptic terminal

Which type of cell has several dendrites and one axon? Most motor neurons fit into this classification.

The neuroglial cells that form a myelin sheath around axons are

The spinothalamic tracts of the spinal cord

Dorsal roots of the spinal cord

The Human Organism

The Chemical Basis of Life

Cell Structures and Their Functions

Tissuesasis of Life

Integumentary System

Skeletal System: Bones and Joints

Muscular System

Senses

Endocrine System

Blood

Heart

Blood Vessels and Circulation

The Lymphatic System and Immunity

Respiratory System

Digestive System

Nutrition, Metabolism, and Body Temperature Regulation

Urinary System and Fluid Balance

Reproductive System

Development, Heredity, and Aging

Filters

Which of the following is not TRUE of K⁺ leak channels?