Exam 18: Income Distribution and Poverty

The U.S.Census Bureau considers in-kind transfers (such as employer provided benefits)when measuring income.

Transfer payments have reduced poverty among the elderly, but poverty among females has not fallen.

On average throughout the United States,

Children of female heads of households are five times more likely to live in poverty than other children.

The requirement that firms doing business with the federal government set numerical hiring, promotion, and training goals to reduce discrimination was

Because women make up 54 percent of those ages 18 to 24 enrolled in college, graduate school, or professional school, men and women are now more likely to meet their future spouses

Which of the following would not account for the observed wage differential between African Americans and whites in the United States?

Data show that the poorest U.S.demographic group is

Exhibit 18-1 Exhibit 18-1 shows five different Lorenz curves.Curve c chows the most equal distribution of income.

The distribution of income in a market economy is primarily determined by differences in

In the United States

Exhibit 18-1 Exhibit 18-1 shows five different Lorenz curves.Along the Lorenz curve labelled a, the wealthiest 40% of the population earns what proportion of the total income income?

Data on the U.S.income distribution suggest that

In reference to welfare recipients, the high effective marginal tax rate on earnings

Social Security and Medicare, programs that benefit the elderly primarily, make up the greatest share of federal redistribution programs since 1962.

If official U.S.poverty statistics included in-kind transfer payments,

Welfare recipients as a percentage of the US population have declined after the welfare reforms in 1996?

In the United States, most income comes from stocks and bonds

A problem with official U.S.poverty data is that they

As welfare rolls declined during the late 1990s and early 2000s,