Before the Civil Service Act of 1883, How Were Government

Before the Civil Service Act of 1883, how were government appointments handled?

A) Appointments were made on the basis of merit.
B) Appointments were made on the basis of seniority.
C) Appointments were made to political supporters as part of a spoils system.
D) The Civil Service Act of 1883 created the first federal bureaucracy.
E) The president or his staff appointed all civil servants.

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