When Complement Proteins Are Covalently Deposited onto the Surface of a Bacterium

When complement proteins are covalently deposited onto the surface of a bacterium, this can sometimes lead to direct lysis of the bacterium. However, more commonly, the deposition of complement proteins onto the bacterial surface does not directly harm the bacterium. Instead, these complement proteins aid in bacterial elimination by:

A) Recruiting antibodies to the bacterial surface, leading the antibody-dependent neutralization
B) Providing a mechanism for phagocytes to use their Fc receptors to recognize and ingest the bacterium
C) Cross-linking carbohydrate structures on the bacterial surface, thereby preventing the bacterium from replicating
D) Stimulating B lymphocytes to produce more antibodies against the bacterium
E) Providing a mechanism for phagocytes bearing complement receptors to recognize and ingest the bacterium

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