Patients Receiving Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplants Often Suffer from Graft-Versus-Host $\beta$

Patients receiving hematopoietic stem cell transplants often suffer from graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) , involving immune-mediated damage to the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. The symptoms of GVHD include nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, and abdominal cramping due to epithelial cell apoptosis and inflammatory leukocyte infiltration into the GI epithelium. One proposed treatment has been tested in mouse models of GVHD for potential therapeutic benefit. This treatment is:

A) Administration of IL-22
B) Administration of anti-microbial peptides
C) Administration of mucosal (M2) macrophages
D) Administration of TGF- $\beta$
E) Administration of IL-1 + IL-6

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