Horizontal and Vertical Relations

Horizontal and Vertical Relations. Barnes & Noble, Inc. is one of the world's largest booksellers. The company's principal business is the retail sale of trade books, generally hardcover and paperback consumer titles, excluding educational textbooks and specialized religious titles, mass market paperbacks, such as mystery, romance, science fiction and other popular fiction, children's books, off-price bargain books and magazines. Borders Group, Inc. is one of the largest operators of book superstores and mall-based bookstores in the world based upon both sales and number of stores. Borders is a premier operator of book and music superstores, offering customers selection and service that the company believes to be superior to other book superstore operators. Each Borders superstore offers customers a vast assortment of books, customer service, value pricing and an inviting and comfortable environment designed to encourage browsing.
A. Do Barnes & Noble and Borders share important elements of a vertical relationship? If so, how?
B. Do Barnes & Noble and Borders share important elements of a horizontal relationship? If so, how?

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