Madison Wants to Examine the Effect of a Defendant's Appearance

Madison wants to examine the effect of a defendant's appearance on judgment of guilt for a crime.She has participants read an identical account of a crime except for the defendant's appearance.A group of high school students receive a description of an attractive defendant while a group of senior citizens receive a description of an unattractive defendant.Both groups are then asked to rate the defendant's guilt on a 7-point scale.A major confound in Madison's experiment is

A) the manipulation of appearance.
B) the measure of guilt.
C) the description of the crime.
D) the age of the participants.

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