Estradiol Is a Type of Estrogen Whose Hormone Effects Promote

Estradiol is a type of estrogen whose hormone effects promote female sex characteristics. Its structure consists of various carbon-hydrogen rings and it is a lipid, but not a prostaglandin. Knowing the structure, how would you expect this hormone to cause a response in a target cell?

A) Estradiol will bind to a receptor on the surface of its target cell, causing a secondary messenger to be activated.
B) Estradiol will act as a second messenger in a receptor-mediated pathway after a primary messenger binds to a membrane receptor.
C) Estradiol will enter the plasma membrane of a target cell directly and bind to an intercellular receptor, causing a change in gene expression.
D) Estradiol will act as a paracrine signal and inactivate adenylate cyclase inside the cell, stopping production of cAMP.

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