Contrast Media-Induced Nephrotoxicity (CIN)can Occur as a Result of a Physiologic

Contrast media-induced nephrotoxicity (CIN) can occur as a result of a physiologic change when a transient increase in blood flow is then followed by a longer period of decreased blood flow to the kidneys,after the administration of contrast media.Which statement best describes a true risk factor for CIN?

A) Biphasic renal flow has been shown to induce CIN.
B) Underlying renal insufficiency is believed to be a predictor of CIN.
C) Diabetic patients with concurrent use of nephrotoxic drugs and dehydration comprise the majority of patients with CIN.
D) Vasodilatation,toxic stress,and tubular necrosis are known contributing factors as cited by a recent study.

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