When Caring for a Patient Who Has Advanced from Stage

When caring for a patient who has advanced from stage C to stage D of the American College of Cardiology (ACC) /American Heart Association (AHA) heart failure classification system, the nurse instructs the patient and family that this stage includes the addition of:

A) lifestyle modification and management of underlying disorder.
B) ACE inhibitors, angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs) , blood pressure control, or beta blockers.
C) diuretics, aldosterone blockers, or vasodilators.
D) interventional therapy with left ventricular assist device or heart transplantation.

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