Countercurrent Flow in Gas Exchange

Countercurrent flow in gas exchange

A) is when water and circulatory fluid flow in opposite directions across the respiratory surface.
B) is not found in invertebrates.
C) is a less-efficient mechanism than co-current flow.
D) decreases the efficiency of gas exchange when compared with water flowing in the same direction.
E) results in water leaving the gills with a high partial pressure of oxygen.

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