Evolution of the Immune System Has Resulted in a Wide

Evolution of the immune system has resulted in a wide array of mechanisms of increasing complexity. Which of the following statements about the immune system is INCORRECT?

A) Sea squids have small lymphocytes similar to those in mammals.
B) Some invertebrates produce antibody-like proteins which attach to non-self and aid clearance of the foreign material.
C) Birds have all the characteristics and functions of the immune system that mammals have.
D) The major secretory antigen IgA, which protects mucous membranes, is produced only in mammals.
E) Macrophages developed late in evolution, with fully active macrophages being found only in vertebrates.

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