Phytophthora, the Pathogen Responsible for Diseases Such as Forest Dieback

Phytophthora, the pathogen responsible for diseases such as forest dieback and potato blight, exists as a network of coenocytic hyphae with cellulosic cell walls that penetrate and absorb nutrients from cells of the host plant. Dispersal of Phytophthora is by swimming zoospores with

A) one posteriorly directed smooth flagellum and one anteriorly directed hairy flagellum.
B) one smooth flagellum anchored at the base of the anterior gullet; a second short flagellum does not usually emerge from the gullet.
C) a multitude of short cilia that are evenly distributed across the surface and beat in synchronous waves.
D) a single transverse flagellum which propels them through the water.
E) one posteriorly directed flagellum, and one spiral flagellum positioned inside a transverse groove.

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