A 51-Year-Old Man Arrives at the Emergency Department Complaining of Sudden

A 51-year-old man arrives at the emergency department complaining of sudden, sharp pain in his left flank, nausea, and vomiting. He has not experienced dysuria or hematuria. The patient has no previous medical conditions and does not take any medications on a daily basis. He does not smoke, drink, or use illegal drugs. The temperature is typical. The patient appears to be in severe pain and is unable to find a comfortable position on the bed. There is no abdominal rigidity or rebound, and no palpable masses. The cardiopulmonary exam is normal. There is no edema in the extremities. The exhibit shows a 1-cm calculus in the left proximal ureter at the level of the L3 vertebra; the renal pelvis and proximal ureter are dilated. Which of the following is most likely increased in this patient's left kidney?

A) Bowman space oncotic pressure
B) Glomerular filtration
C) Intraglomerular capillary hydrostatic pressure
D) Tubular hydrostatic pressure
E) Tubular oncotic pressure

Correct Answer:

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