A 64-Year-Old Man Visits the Clinic After Experiencing Many Weeks

A 64-year-old man visits the clinic after experiencing many weeks of continuous coughing, fever, and weight loss. He smokes a pack of cigarettes every day and consumes 10 to 12 beers on weekends. An infiltration in the left upper lobe is shown by a chest x-ray. Despite receiving broad-spectrum antibiotic therapy for both aspiration and community-acquired pneumonia, the patient's symptoms deteriorate. The Gram stain on sputum does not indicate any microbes. The following picture depicts the results of a lung biopsy: Which of the following substances is most important for driving the development of this patient's observed microscopic lesion?

A) C3a
B) Fibroblast growth factor
C) Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor
D) IL-4
E) Interferon-alpha
F) Interferon-gamma

Correct Answer:

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