A 3-Year-Old Boy Is Brought to the Clinic for Evaluation

A 3-year-old boy is brought to the clinic for evaluation of red-tinged urine, which his mother noticed earlier this week.  The patient has had multiple episodes since but has no associated dysuria.  He has had no prior injury but was recently treated with antibiotics for streptococcal pharyngitis.  The patient has no chronic medical conditions and has reached all developmental milestones.  Temperature is 36.7 C (98.1 F) .  Examination shows a well-appearing and well-nourished boy.  There is a firm, nontender, palpable mass in the left abdomen.  Urinalysis reveals: Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis for this patient?

A) IgA nephropathy
B) Nephrolithiasis
C) Neuroblastoma
D) Poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis
E) Renal cell carcinoma
F) Wilms tumor (nephroblastoma)

Correct Answer:

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