While Making Rounds in the Newborn Nursery, a Physician Is

While making rounds in the newborn nursery, a physician is asked to examine a 2-day-old infant who is not feeding well.  A nurse reports that the infant is irritable, is not sleeping well, and has had several episodes of vomiting and loose stools that day.  A review of the maternal history reveals that the mother had poor prenatal care and the pregnancy was complicated by intrauterine growth restriction.  On examination, the infant is diaphoretic and has a high-pitched cry.  The infant is also noted to have occasional sneezing and is mildly tachypneic.  No dysmorphic features are noted and the remainder of the examination is unremarkable.  This infant's symptoms are most likely caused by prenatal exposure to which of the following?

A) Alcohol
B) Cocaine
C) Heroin
D) Phenytoin
E) Valproic acid

Correct Answer:

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