A Prospective Cohort Study Was Conducted to Assess the Relationship

A prospective cohort study was conducted to assess the relationship between caffeine consumption and the risk of colon cancer in middle-aged women.  The study showed that caffeine consumption decreases the risk of colon cancer with a relative risk of 0.83 and p value of 0.04.  The fact that the study was conducted specifically in middle-aged women raises most concerns regarding which of the following issues?

A) Bias
B) Generalizability
C) Internal validity
D) Reliability
E) Reproducibility

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