A 54-Year-Old Man Is Being Evaluated for Shortness of Breath

A 54-year-old man is being evaluated for shortness of breath and cough.  His medical problems include rheumatoid arthritis, hypertension, and a history of deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism.  He takes multiple medications and has smoked for 30 years.  BMI is 34 kg/m².  Examination shows dullness to percussion over the right lower lobe.  Breath sounds are increased, especially during expiration, over the right lung base compared to the left.  Cardiac examination shows regular rate and rhythm with normal S1 and S2.  There is no murmur.  Moderate peripheral edema is present.  Which of the following is the most likely cause of his shortness of breath and lung examination findings?

A) Consolidation of the lung
B) Emphysema
C) Interstitial lung disease
D) Mucus plugging
E) Pleural effusion
F) Pneumothorax

Correct Answer:

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