A Prospective Cohort Study Revealed a Strong Positive Association Between

A prospective cohort study revealed a strong positive association between smoking and liver cirrhosis (relative risk  = 2.8) .  The researchers then divided the cohort into two groups: alcohol consumers and non-consumers.  Subsequent statistical analysis did not reveal any association between smoking and liver cirrhosis with either group.  The scenario described above is an example of which of the following?

A) Selection bias
B) Observer's bias
C) Measurement bias
D) Recall bias
E) Confounding

Correct Answer:

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