A 67-Year-Old Man Admitted for Right Lower Lobe Pneumonia Subsequently

A 67-year-old man admitted for right lower lobe pneumonia subsequently develops hypotension and lactic acidosis.  He is started on a norepinephrine intravenous drip.  A few hours later, the antecubital vein being used for the infusion blanches and the tissues surrounding the IV site become cold, hard, and pale.  Local injection of the affected tissues with which of the following agents is most likely to be of greatest benefit?

A) Calcium gluconate
B) Phentolamine
C) Heparin
D) Isoproterenol
E) Lidocaine

Correct Answer:

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