A 51-Year-Old Man Comes to the Emergency Department with Sudden-Onset

A 51-year-old man comes to the emergency department with sudden-onset, sharp, left flank pain; nausea; and vomiting.  He has had no dysuria or hematuria.  The patient has no past medical conditions and takes no daily medications.  He does not use tobacco, alcohol, or illicit drugs.  Temperature is normal.  On examination, the patient appears to be in severe pain and cannot find a comfortable position on the bed.  There is no abdominal rigidity or rebound, and no masses are palpable.  Cardiopulmonary examination is normal.  There is no peripheral edema.  Imaging shows a 1-cm calculus in the left proximal ureter at the level of the L3 vertebra; the renal pelvis and proximal ureter are dilated, as shown in the exhibit. 

Which of the following is most likely increased in this patient's left kidney?

A) Bowman space oncotic pressure
B) Glomerular filtration
C) Intraglomerular capillary hydrostatic pressure
D) Tubular hydrostatic pressure
E) Tubular oncotic pressure

Correct Answer:

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