A 2-Year-Old Boy Who Recently Immigrated to the United States

A 2-year-old boy who recently immigrated to the United States with his family is brought to the office for irritability and excessive crying.  The mother's pregnancy was uneventful, but the patient was delivered via cesarean section due to obstructed labor.  His mother reports that he has developed more slowly than his brother in ability to lift his head, crawl, and walk.  She has also noticed that the patient's head is larger than other children of the same age.  His weight is at the 60th percentile, height is at the 50th percentile, and head circumference is at the 95th percentile.  CT scan of the head is shown in the image below. Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis?

A) Arnold-Chiari malformation
B) Arteriovenous malformation
C) Dandy-Walker malformation
D) Encephalocele
E) Hypoxic-ischemic injury

Correct Answer:

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