A 64-Year-Old Man Comes to the Clinic Due to Several

A 64-year-old man comes to the clinic due to several weeks of persistent cough, fever, and weight loss.  He smokes a pack of cigarettes daily and drinks 10-12 beers on weekends.  Chest x-ray reveals an infiltrate in the left upper lobe.  The patient is prescribed broad-spectrum antibiotic therapy for both aspiration and community-acquired pneumonia, but his symptoms worsen despite taking the medication as prescribed.  Sputum Gram stain does not reveal any organisms.  Lung biopsy findings are shown in the image below: Which of the following substances is most important for driving the development of this patient's observed microscopic lesion?

A) C3a
B) Fibroblast growth factor
C) Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor
D) IL-4
E) Interferon-alpha
F) Interferon-gamma

Correct Answer:

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