PART a If Charter Schools Are Expanded, Then Education Will $\begin{array} { l } \text {C }\\ \text {E }\\ \hline\text {If C then E. }\\\end{array}$

PART A If charter schools are expanded, then education will improve, so charter schools will be expanded, because education will improve.
Which of the following correctly expresses the form of this argument? a. $\begin{array} { l } \text {C }\\ \text {E }\\ \hline\text {If C then E. }\\\end{array}$$\quad$ b. $\begin{array} { l } \text { If C then E.}\\ \text { C}\\ \hline\text {E }\\\end{array}$$\quad$ c. $\begin{array} { l } \text {If C then E. }\\ \text { E}\\ \hline\text {C }\\\end{array}$

d. $\begin{array} { l } \text {All C are E. }\\ \text {E }\\ \text { C}\\\end{array}$$\quad$ e. $\begin{array} { l } \text {If \( \mathrm{C} \) then \( \mathrm{E} \). }\\ \text { If \( E \) then \( F \).}\\ \text { If \( \mathrm{C} \) then \( \mathrm{F} \). }\\\end{array}$ PART B
Which of the following substitutions proves the argument invalid?
A) C = Johnny Depp is a man, E = Johnny Depp is a human.
B) C = George Washington was assassinated, E = George Washington is dead.
C) C = Cathy Smith was assassinated, E = Cathy Smith is dead.
D) C = mammals, E = animals.
E) C = George Washington is dead, E = Abraham Lincoln is dead.

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