Under What Circumstances Is It Best to Use a Nondirectional

Under what circumstances is it best to use a nondirectional hypothesis?

A) when the researcher is relatively certain of a prediction
B) when the researcher would like to increase the chances of finding a statistically significant result
C) when there is a possibility that the results could turn out the opposite of that which is expected
D) when the researcher has not read the past literature on the topic

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