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Robert Paine Conducted a Study in Which He Removed Sea

Question 37

Multiple Choice

Robert Paine conducted a study in which he removed sea stars, which prey mainly on mussels, from experimental plots in a rocky intertidal zone. With sea stars missing, mussels took over the plots, crowding out seven other species of invertebrates. In this community, sea stars function as ____.


A) endemic species
B) exotic species
C) pioneer species
D) keystone species
E) indicator species

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